

                   ** APPENDIX C ** (Preliminary Docs.)

                           Useful Macros


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                              
Logical NAND gate       
                       
      
                                       _________
                           A     -----|         \
                                      |          \
                           B     -----|    #    &|---
                                      |          /    __  _________
                           C     -----|_________/\___ eo  A . B . C


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
Logical OR gate       
                       
      
                           _           _________
                           A     -----|         \
                           _          |          \
                           B     -----|    #    &|---
                           _          |          /    __  
                           C     -----|_________/\___ eo  A + B + C


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
Logical NOR gate       
                       
      
                           _           _________
                           A     -----|         \
                           _          |          \    _________
                           B     -----|    #    &|--- A + B + C
                           _          |          /    __  
                           C     -----|_________/\___ eo  


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
AND expander gate       
                       
                      _________
          A     -----|         \
                     |          \
          B     -----|    #    &|-------|
                     |          /    __ |
          C     -----|_________/\___ eo | 
                                        |
                               |--------|
                               |         _________
                               |--------|         \
                                        |          \
                             D     -----|    #    &|---A . B . C . D . E
                                        |          /    __  
                             E     -----|_________/\___ eo  


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
OR expander gate       
                       
          _           _________
          A     -----|         \
          _          |          \    eo
          B     -----|    #    &|-------
          _          |          /     __
          C     -----|_________/\___  eo 
                                    |
                               |----|
                               |         _________
                               |--------|         \
                             _          |          \
                             D     -----|    #    &|--- 
                             _          |          /    __  
                             E     -----|_________/\___ eo
  
                                                      A + B + C + D + E


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                            
RS FLIP FLOP gate       
                       
      ___
  _    |                    _          _________
 (S)   |                    S    -----|         \     _
                     _                |          \    Q
     __       __     C    ------------|    #    &|---
  _    |     |                        |          /         __  
 (Q)   |_____|           |------------|_________/\_______  eo  
                         |                               |     
            ___          |  |----------------------------o---- Q
  _          |           |  | 
 (R)         |           |- | ---------------------------|
                            |                            |
                            |          _________         |
                            |---o-----|         \        |
                                |     |          \       |
                                |-----|    #    &|---    |
                             _        |          /       | __
                             R   -----|_________/\_______| eo
              
  
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                              
RS FLIP FLOP gate       
       (Toggle mode)                
      
          _                            _________
  _       T  ---o---------------------|         \     _
 (T)            |    _                |          \    Q
  _________     |    C    ------------|    #    &|---
  |   |   |     |                     |          /         __  
  |   |   |     |        |------------|_________/\_______  eo  
                |        |                               |     
 _     ___      |        |  |----------------------------o---- Q
  |   |   |     |        |  | 
  |___|   |_    |        |- | ---------------------------|
  _             |           |                            |
 (Q)            |           |          _________         |
                |           |---o-----|         \        |
                |               |     |          \       |
                |               |-----|    #    &|---    |
                |                     |          /       | __
                |---------------------|_________/\_______| eo

  
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
Logical Exclusive OR
      ____________________
      |                   |
      |    _________      |      _________
 e1 --o---|         \     |-----|         \     
      |   |          \          |          \    
 e2   |---|     #    &|-  |-----|    #    &|---
         |          /    |     |          /        _________ 
 e3 --o---|________ /\____|-----|_________/\_______|         \  
      |                   |                        |          \
      |                   |      _________  _______|    #    &|---     
      |                   |-----|         \/   |___|          /
      |                   |     |          \       |_________/\___
      |                   |-----|    #    &|---    
      |                         |          /                   e1 (+) e3
      |-------------------------|_________/

  
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
Inverse LOG (Base E)               
                                        ___________
                              e1  -----|          /\
                                       |    #    /  \    eo
                                       |--------|   Y>---o------->
                              e2       |         \  /    |    -1
                       |---------------|__________\/     | log  e1
                       |                  O     O        |
                       |                  P1    P2       |
                       |                                 |
                       |                            _____|_____
                       |                            |         |
                       |                            |    V    |
                       |                            |         |
                       |                            |---------|
                       |         __________          \   #   /
                       |       /|          |          \     /          
                       |      / |          |           \   /
                       |---- < E|     #    |            \_/
                              \ |          |_____________|
                               \|__________|
                       
                      
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assync. Triangular/ Square
 Wave generator

 
                                            P1/IC = -1.0001
                                        __O________           \    /\
                          (4/p)     ---|          |\           \  /  \
                                  e2   |          | \           \/    \/
   |----------------------------------O|     #    | I>----- eo  |<--p-->|
   |                               P2  |          | /    
   |                                --O|__________|/\    
   |                               P3                \__   
   |                                                    |
   |                                  ___________       |
   |                                 |         __|______|__
   |                                |         \          /
   |                                 |          \    #   /
   |                                 |           \      /
   |                                 |            \    /
   |               __________________|             \ +/
   |              |               __________        \/
   |              |             /|          |       |
   |              |            / |          |  e1   |
   |--------------o-----------|B |     #    |-------|
                               \ |          |     
                        /       \|__________|
               T    ____ 
                   |   |   |
                   |   |___|
               F   

                   |<--p-->|

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assync. Sawtooth/ Pulse
 Wave generator


                                            P1/IC = -1.0001
                                        __O________       \  |\  |\
                               e1 -----|          |\       \ | \ | \
      ____________      4/p1      e2   |          | \       \|  \|  \
     |            |\          |-------O|     #    | I>----- eo   ||<p2>|
   __|            | \ ________|     P2 |          | /            p1
   | |     #      |N/           e3|---O|__________|/\    
   | |____________|/              | P3               \__   
   |  ____________         4/p    |                     |
   | |            |\              |   ___________       |
   |_|            | \ ____________|  |         __|______|__
   | |     #      |P/               |         \          /
   | |____________|/                |          \    #   /
   |                                 |           \      /
   |                                 |            \    /
   |               __________________|             \ +/
   |              |               __________        \/
   |              |             /|          |       |
   |              |            / |          |  e1   |
   |--------------o-----------|B |     #    |-------|
                               \ |          |     
                                \|__________|
               T  _ _____ _
                   |     |
                   |     |
               F
               p1->||<p2>|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Maximum Value
                ___________________________
               |                           |
               | e1    _________           |  e1  __________
    input  ----o------|         \          |------|         |\
                      |          \                |         | \   output
                      |    #    B|---------|      |    #    | Z>---o-->
                 e2   |          /    __   |      |         | /    |
               |------|_________/\___ eo   |  e2  |_________|/     |
               |                           |_________|    O        |
               |                                         P1= below |
               |                                              max. |
               |___________________________________________________|


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Minimum Value      
                                       
                ___________________________
               |                           |
               | e2    _________           |  e1  __________
    input  ----o------|         \          |------|         |\
                      |          \                |         | \   output
                      |    #    B|---------|      |    #    | Z>---o-->
                 e1   |          /    __   |      |         | /    |
               |------|_________/\___ eo   |  e2  |_________|/     |
               |                           |_________|    O        |
               |                                         P1= above |
               |                                              min. |
               |___________________________________________________|


                  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                              [end]

