et New York, NY 10025 : 212-932-1987 (voice) Where it all started: the Jack Tramiel typewriter Shop In Toronto Canada. The first of the Commodore Business Machine (CBM series) was released Jan. 1977, the PET 2001 (Personal Electronics Tran80286 AT architecture. Mind you, Commodore pulled another goof, and had timing problems with the Fixed Disk controller, so that only their Hard Disk controller would work (did I say goof, or marketing decision??). At least Western Digital has a fix fmputers had a CRT display of 40 columns wide. The normal typing mode for the 2001 was in upper case letter graphic. The only difference was the PET 2001/B normal mode was upper/lower case letters. With a (POKE 59468,12) you could switch from an upper/ got CBM in trouble with the FTC? To some extent the C-128's CP/M capability is fulfillment of that original, probably overly optimistic promise of CP/M by Commodore. Reprinted in the NYCig News/Kids Computer News Thomas Trocco, Ed. & Computer Dept. interpreters for Basic, Cobol, Fortran, Pascal, AP, and adapted to run the OS-9 operating system. Commodore introduced the 500, 600, 700 series and a C128-40 system in the United Kingdom (not in the USA/Canada). The 500 and 700 series are known a te memory, expandable to 1 MEG of memory. A B-128C color computer was also available but not promoted in the USA/Canada. The B-128/256 was a highly versatile computer, able to utilize many built in features, insert mode on/off, windows, wrap mode on/o sactor). The PET 2001 was a self contained unit with a compact graphic keyboard, numeric keypad, and built in tape cassette unit. The PET 2001 had 8K bytes of read/write memory, with 16K and 32K memory expansion options. (a 4K version was also availa or that as well. The NEW PC series that the US has is fixed from the timing problem. Also, the older PC series that was first introduced in Canada for testing were very LARGE desktop machines. A bit of Canadian History. Steve N. - President Nova Scotgraphics mode to an upper/lowercase mode. POKE 59468,14 would return back again. The 2001/B did have a graphics mode, except the symbols were not on the front of the keys. The CBM 4000 and the CBM 8000 series was also released with a 4.0 ROM and  Chair St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School 619 W 114th Street New York, NY 10015 212-932-1987 (voice) ======================================================================= PET: The Original Commodore Computer by Charles F. Burns from Thes the original model number for the B-128/256 or CBM-128-/40. The C128-40 was on the market before the C-64 and the B/series, yet compatible with neither, with less than 100 ever seeing daylight. In June 1981, Commodore released the VIC 20 Color Homff, reverse video, erase mode, normal/graphics mode, and many others. Multitasking was also possible with the B-128/256. In June 1982, Commodore released the C-64 computer. In 1983, the SX 64 and the SX100 was released as the C64 portable unit wble). The PET 2001 had a 2.0 read-only memory (ROM) which gave the computer its model personality. An external cassette tape unit could be connected to the PET 2001 computer, but it did know what a printer and/or disk drive was unless it had Revisionia Commodore Computer Users Assn. SUBJ: Pet Rocks FROM: Group Host 01/25/89 Emil, Yes, I too bought an early Personal Electronic Transactor, and at the time I had no awareness of the association with the Pet Rocks Craze. Until that tidbit can be 16K (CBM8016 and 32K (CBM8032) of read/write memory. A CBM 8096 Computer was available with 96K of read/write memory. The main distinguishing feature the 8000 series system has from the 2000 series beside the lack of a graphic keyboard is the enlarged File, Commo-Hawk CUG, Cedar Rapids IA, 11/89; reprinted in The Interface, newsletter of Fresno Commodore User Group/64UM 8/90; reprinted in: NYCig News, Thomas Trocco, Editor & Computer Dept. Chair St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School 619 W 114th Stree Computer. In 1982, Commodore released the 700 series systems, in the USA/Canada, referred to as the Low Profile B- 128 & B-256, as well as the high profile B-128 & B-256. The B-128/256 has an enlarged basic 4.0+ ROM interpreter and 128K of read/wri ith built in monitor and disk drive. In 1984, the Plus 4 and the C-16 computers were released. In Jan. 1985, Commodore released the C-128 computer, which was also a C-64 and a CP/M compatible system. On July 23, 1985, the Amiga 1000 was release level 3 ROMs. Commodore released the PET2001 with 3.0 ROMs and an expanded full sized graphic keyboard and numeric keypad. A PET 2001/B,(CBM 2001/B) was released without the graphic symbols displayed; on the front of the keys, the 2001 series coconfirmed, I'd add "(SIC)" after Pet Rocks in any reprint or use editorial license and omit that reference with ellipsis ("...") :) I appreciate the additional comments on this history. Does anyone remember the C-64 CP/M module that didn't work and  80-column CRT display, or screen. In 1981, Commodore released the SuperPet 9000 system, with 96K of read/write memory, designed for business applications. First it was a stock CBM 8032 computer and second a 6809 based computer with the languageially available. Commodore marketing strikes again. Early 64 owners spent many hours typing in programs from magazines or converting PET programs, since there was virtually no [commercially] software available for the first two years. The SX-64 porta its first personal computer, the KIM [GH: I bought my KIM-1 with 1 K of memory) from MOS before they were bought out by Commodore, so CBM could use their chip production for the PET, which I understood was the first computer actually marketed by CBM] new models in 1985. The answer was the next logical step. Advertised as three computers in one (C-64, C-128, and CP/M), the 128 was the most powerful 8-bit machine Commodore had ever built. It featured 40 and 80-column text and graphics, a faster ser te [GH: and a chicklet keyboard] By the time the PET line ended, it had become the SUPERPET with 96K and an extremely powerful version of MICROSOFT BASIC. On the heels of the success of the SuperPet, Commodore released the VIC-20, Commodore's first co the Commodore tradition of great Hardware and Poor Marketing Decisions. 1989 should be an interesting year. ---------------------------------------- Group Host: Thanks to ACSg Editor Faye Thornton for this history. If anyone has any additional  word PET. I am not sure that pet rocks had been invented in 1976 when the decision had to be made by Commodore on what to call their all-in-one product. I do know that the word was an acronym: PERSONAL ELECTRONIC TRANSACTOR Since I still have ble was introduced in 1983. The SX came with a built-in 5-inch color monitor, disk drive and power supply...... ...Many SX-64 owners waited patiently for the second built-in drive [version] that never appeared [GH: model DX-64 that was not distrib . How many of you have ever heard of a KIM, much less seen one? The KIM-1 used the now famous MOS 6502 microprocessor used in the PET and the VIC-20, as well as many non-Commodore Computers. [GH: such as the Apple computer]. At the first West Coast ial bus and expanded sound and graphics commands from BASIC. [GH: and it made good CBM's earlier abortive attempt to implement CP/M for the C-64 as a plug in module]. On the heels of the 128 came the release of the Amiga 1000. Commodore purchased alor computer [GH: at $299]. The VIC had 8K of memory [GH: 3K BASIC RAM built-in] and could be expanded to 32K. In early 1982, Commodore unveiled its revolutionary C-64 computer with 64K of RAM and a 40 column color display [GH: for $595 without mhistorical highlights or comments to add, please post them here, to make this history as complete and accurate as possible. A good account of the early Commodore years is in the book "Computer Wars" by Tomczeck(sp?), which is out of print. SUBJ: OR copies of the literature that led me to choose the PET over the Apple or the TRS-80 Model 1, I can attest to the above. BUT, did the acronym come first and the definition later???? SUBJ: Commodores In Canada FROM: Steve N55 01/22/89 Commodoruted]. Although touted by Commodore, the SX was never physically able to use a second built-in disk drive; there was never enough space and the power supply was barely able to handle the rest of the system. While the 64 was selling well, Commodore reComputer Faire in San Francisco in the spring of 1977, Commodore introduced the PET (Personal Electronic Transactor). It came out at the same time as the Apple II [GH: the first Apple was just the "Apple"]. Tandy Radio Shack's beat both to market. The small California joystick company in 1984 [GH: They were into more than just joysticks] and used the company's name and its prototype 68000-cpu super game machine for which ex-CBM CEO Jack Tramiel's newly acquired ATARI Corp was also bidding for its onitor]. Unlike the PET line, the 64 came with a version of BASIC with very little disk drive support. Commodore reasned that most 64 owners would not want a disk drive [GH: PET 4040 Dual Disk Drives cost $1295!!!], and very few 1541 drives were initIGINAL PET FROM: EmilV1 01/21/89 Gary, I thought the history was pretty well done and think I will publish it in our newsletter (obviously, with the appropriate credits). However, there is one thing I noted that I would quibble about; namely the e actually put out a PC-lO, PC-30 and PC-40 in Canada and Europe about three years or more before the US was given the show of the PC-series. The PC-10 and 20 were one and two drive machines based on an 8088 processor, while the PC-40 is based on the leased the ill-fated PLUS/4 and Commodore-16. [GH: with built-in word processor, database, and spreadsheet software in ROM]. By being software incompatible, and for the most part, hardware incompatible, they lived a short life. Commodore released two name PET was actually chosen to take advantage of the "PET ROCK" craze of the day. The first PETs had an 8K memory [GH: the very first PETs delivered had only 4K of memory. The 8K version cost me $795] and monochrome monitor and built-in data cassetnewest line of computers. More recently, Commodore released the Amiga 500 and 2000 as well as line of MS-DOS compatibles including the PC-10, PC-20 and Colt. As Commodore Business Machines begins its 31st year, we can all look forward to more of channel, BASIC users could SCRATCH, RENAME, and COPY files, and DUPLICATE an entire disk without any further help from the computer. Only problem was, they could not SAVE or L0AD programs, or use data files. The problem was BASIC V1. It did not kn opened, and automatically did an "I" command when the door was shut again. Later came the 8052 double-sided drive, and the D9060 and D9090 hard disk units that could store 2, 5, and 7.5 megabytes (1 meg=1024K). Then came the VIC20. Commodore m disks properly. So about the time Commodore came out with their 3008 PET computer (including BASIC V3, with very minor differences from V2), they introduced the 3040 Dual Disk Drive. This had DOS V1.2 in it, which corrected the error trapping pr k Drive. It was basically a one drive, serial bus version of the 4040. It had less RAM, so that fewer files could be open at any one time. It used the new half-high disk drive units. instead of two microprocessors (one for the drives and one for the  every time it detected a disk with a different ID, so the user did not have to type this command unless he had two or more disks with the same ID. it also used a slightly different disk format from the 2040's and 3040's, so that a disk made on a 204 JECT: Commodore History AUTHOR: AZ User Group A recollective 30-year history of Commodore, provided by the Arizona Commodore User Group, with annotations by other user group leaders. My comments in brackets [GH:...] are intended to augment the orig now about the timing involved with actually transferring data back and forth between the computer's RAM and the disk drive's computer. So, Commodore created Upgrade BASIC (now known as BASIC V2), and put it into a new PET, called the 2008. It had onl ade many advances on this one. Low price! Graphics! Low price! Color! Low price! Three-channel sound, RS232, eight user programmable function keys, and a game cartridge slot. Not to mention low price! Even though they were producing a computer to compoblems. But they did not fix much else. Also, people were getting tired of having to type OPEN 15,8,15 etc. when their Apple-owning buddies could do the same with RENAME oldfilename, newfilename. Almost immediately thereafter, the Commodore 4016 interface), it had one processor controlling the single drive and the interface. About two years later Commodore invented the Commodore 64. (ever hear of that one?) I will not go into all of its nice features, but it still had the serial bus and BA0 could be used only by copying its files to a 4040 drive. Later, Commodore came out with the CBM 8032. It had BASIC V4, 32K of RAM, a 12-inch 80-column monitor (the old machines had 40 column screens), and a more business-like keyboard. Indeed, it inal text, which I found to be a very nice history. With 1988 being the 30th anniversary of Commodore Business Machines, we thought we would start 1989 by looking back at our roots. Commodore started out as a typewriter repair company in Toronto Cy 8K of RAM, a REAL keyboard (unlike other companies, Commodore NEVER tried a rinky-dink keyboard again!), and it could use the disk drive! But the 2040 drive had its faults as well. It could not handle random access files (one of the most importantete with home video games, they learned their lesson with the PET 2001 and gave the VIC 20 a REAL keyboard. But for the sake of low price, Commodore took several MAJOR steps backwards. Only 5K of RAM, 22-column screen, back to BASIC V2. And worst PET came out. It had 16K, expandable to 32K, and BASIC V4. This version had nice disk commands like CATALOG, SCRATCH, DLOAD, DSAVE, BACKUP, COPY, etc. These commands simply translated themselves into the old commands that the drive could understand. SIC V2. Along with it of course came old slow and pokey, the much hated, much loved 1541 that so many of us use and cuss daily. ======================================================================= FILE: cbm30.seq FROM: Group Host 02/23/89 SUBwas a business machine. A business machine needs a business disk drive. So Commodore presented the 8050 disk drive. It used a double density format that allowed over twice as much data on each disk. It also could tell if a disk drive door had beeanada in 1958. by the late 1960s it was selling calculators and electric adding machines. At that time a Commodore hand-held calculator sold for well over $1000. In October of 1976 Commodore bought MOS Technology, a microchip company, and introduced advantages of a disk drive over a tape drive) without a LOT of effort On the user's part. It could not trap errors correctly, and it required the user to type OPEN 15,8,15, "I":CLOSE 15 every time a disk was changed. It could not seem to center theof all, they scrapped the wonderful IEEE-488 bus that could shove all eight bits of a byte down the wires at once, and replaced it with a "serial bus" that had to spool those bits out one at a time. Commodore then produced the 1540 single Floppy Dis Along with the PET 4016 came the 4040 disk drive. It had it all! Besides fixing the hardware problems, it had DOS V2.1, which supported relative files (also referred to as random files) The new DOS also performed an automatic "I" (initialization)dDV(186):DV8DV8In"HIS PROGRAM WRITES A DISK FILE CALLEDwx"'..' TO THE CURRENT DRIVE.""HIS INFO FILE IS USED BY VERSION 4 OF" "ĠԠ TO DECIDE WHICH FIELDS "TO OUTPUT TO DISK OR PRINTER.* t violate most Nuclear Ban Treaties. Von Ertwine CPM. Sacrificed his family's popcorn maker in the search of a better machine. Dave DiOrio VIC chip mods and IC team leader. Ruined the theory that mos340 ^CTCT1:N(0)CT h:7 r5,DV,5,"USER.PART.INFO,P,W"= |:S 5,(128);(194);Y :s X0CT:5,(N(X));:z 5 :  ## WIDTH FIELD DESCRIPTION  -- - -------------------  2 : 4 NUMBER  3 : 17 PARTIT rd done in time, after being informed just the week before by a middle manager that all the work on the C128 must stop as this project has gone on far too long. After the head of Engineering got back from his business trip and inquired as to why the   " ARCDOCS1.CBM<ARCDOCS2.CBM3 CHISTRY.CBMSCORMFIN.PRG9CMD.PARTVIEW.V46CMD.PARTVIEW MOD Evolution of the Disk Drive by Joel Ellis Rea from George's Den BBS via Greater Oklahoma Commodore Club Newsletter, 6/88 via The Interface, newsletter of Fresno Commodore User Group/64UM 12/89 Reprinted in the NYCig News Thomas Trocco, Editor  "HEN THE PROGRAM IS LOADED AND RUN, THE"X "CURRENT PARTITION OF THE CURRENT DRIVE "IS POLLED FOR THE FILE '..' "F IT EXISTS, THE FIELD DATA IS LOADED "INTO THE PROGRAM. F NOT, THE DEFAULT "SETTINGS ARE USED t chip designers were from Pluto. Victor MMU integration. Caused much dissention by being one of the nicest guys you'd ever meet. Greg Berlin 1571 Disk Drive design. Originator of Berlin-Speak. I think of Greg ION NAME  4 : 20 HEADER NAME/ID0  5 : 5 TYPEK  8 : 7 BLOCKS FREEa  7 : 5 TRACKS  9 : 8 VIRTUAL ADDRESS  10 : 8 VIRTUAL BLOCK SIZE  74-END OF 80 COLUMN &: 0 11 : 8 ACTUAL SYSTEM ADDR: C128 had been put on hold, the middle manger nimbly spoke expounding the virtues of getting right on the job immediately and someone else, _his_ boss perhaps, had made such an ill suited decision. The bottom line was we lived in the PCB layout area urpose Interface Bus. It also had the funniest little keyboard you ever saw! Commodore then invented the 2040 Dual Floppy Disk Drive. It was an industry first. Previously the main computer had to control every tiny detail of disk drive operation,& Computer Dept. Chair St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School 619 W 114th Street New York, NY 10025 212-932-1987 (voice) First there was the Commodore 2001 Personal Electronic Transactor (PET). It was one of the first personal computers on the mar.- "O CHANGE THE DEFAULT SETTINGS FROM MY"[ "PREFERRED SETUP TO YOUR OWN, REARRANGE "THE DATA STATEMENTS IN LINES 460+. OU "MAY DUPLICATE FIELDS, BUT DON'T EXCEED  "31 TOTAL FIELDS, AND DON'T FORGET TO  "USE -1 AS THE every night. He separated my shoulder in a friendly brawl in a bar parking lot and I still cant sleep on that side. Dave Siracusa 1571 Software. Aka "The Butcher" Not to mention the 8563 designers who made this story 12 : 8 ACTUAL BLOCK SIZE1D 13 : 10 START ADDR IN BYTESSN 14 : 10 PART SIZE IN BYTESiX 2 : 4 NUMBERb -1 : TERMINATOR BYTEl:v 1 : 3 NOT USED:SORT COUNT 6 : 1 NOT USED:BRIEF TYPE:::::for the next several day. I slept there on an airmatress or was otherwise available 24 hours a day to answer any layout questions. The computer room was so cold that the Egg Mcmuffins we bought the first day were still good 3 days later. o why the  not to mention loading a large Disk Operating System (DOS) into the computer's RAM in order to use the drive. The 2040 was an intelligent drive, with its own computer system inside, and its own DOS in ROM! By simply PRINTing commands to its command ket. It had a whopping 4K of RAM, and 8K BASIC in ROM, and a Kernal to control input/output and other system operations. It used Commodore BASIC Version 1. There were no disk drives then, but provisions were made in the form of an IEEE-488 General PLAST DATA STATEMENT."=  "OTE: IRTUAL ADDRESS/BLOCKS WILL NOTm " " PRINT IF BLOCK SIZE = 256 (RL/RD) , "PRESS KEY TO WRITE... ABORTS"; 6198,0:198,1:A$: @: JCT0: N(31): MAX ELEMENTS TCTCT1:N(CT):N(CT)0possible. The names of the people who worked on the PCB layout can be found on the bottom of the PCB. "RIP: HERD, FISH, RUBINO" The syntax refers to an inside joke where we supposedly gave our lives in an effort to get the FCC production boa :  4 : 20 HEADER NAME/ID0  5 : 5 TYPEK  8 : 7 BLOCKS FREEa  7 : 5 TRACKS  9 : 8 VIRTUAL ADDRESS  10 : 8 VIRTUAL BLOCK SIZE  74-END OF 80 COLUMN &: 0 11 : 8 ACTUAL SYSTEM ADDR: available days, second, a phone call is placed to another nearby hotel canceling the room reservations for Jack Trameil and company, third, several of those C64's with built in monitors (C64DX's??? man it's been too long) are brought out and left layiressure laxed for even a few minutes. The contracted security guards accidentally started locking the door to one of the development labs during this time. A hole accidentally appeared in the wall allowing you to reach through and unlock it. They cth a disk editor and found every occurrence of bad writes to the 8563 and hand patched them. Bear in mind that CPM is stored with the bytes backwards in sectors that are stored themselves in reverse order. Also bear in mind that he could neither incr rt inform us that the C128 has craftily been designed to be expandable to 512K. Now it had been designed to be expandable originally and had been respecified by management so as to not be expandable in case next year's computer needed the expendabili arted to sparkle during the demo, I would pull out my ever present tweak tool and give a little demonstration as to the adjustability of the New Commodore power supplies. People were amazed by Commodore supplies that worked, much less had a voltage a jobs involving computer analysis which was something totally new for CBM. Frank Palaia One of three people in the world who honestly knows how to make a Z80 and a 6502 live peacefully with ea ng around the hotel shift supervisors path accompanied by statements such as "My my, who left this nifty computer laying here... I'd bet they wouldn't miss it too much". The next day we meet up with the guy who developed CPM (Von) for the C128. As  ontinued to lock it anyways even though the gaping hole stood silent witness to the ineffectiveness of trying to lock us out of our own lab during a critical design phase. We admired this singleness of purpose and considered changing professions. ease or decrease the number of instructions, he could only exchange them for different ones. Did I mention hand calculating the new checksums for the sectors? All this with a Disk Editor. I was impressed. Everything else went pretty smooth, every ty as the "New" reason to buy a Commodore computer. That's like not putting brakes on this years model of car so that next year you can tote the New model as reducing those annoying head-on crashes. Upon arriving at the hotel we find that out hoteldjustment and an externally accessible fuse. I explained (and meant it) that real bad power supplies with inaccessible fuses were a thing of Commodore's past and that the New design philosophy meant increased quality and common sense. I'm told thech other in a synchronous, dual video controller, time sliced, DRAM based system. Fred Bowen Kernal and all system like things. Dangerous when cornered. Has been known to brandish common sense when traI mentioned earlier, someone forgot to tell him about the silly little ramifications of an 8563 bug. His 'puter didn't do it as he had stopped upgrading 8563s on his development machine somewhere around Rev 4 and the problem appeared somewhere aroundWe finished getting ready for CES about 2:00 in the morning of the day we were to leave at 6:00. On the way to catch the couple of hours sleep I hear the Live version of Solsbury Hill by Peter Gabriel, the theme song of the C128 Animals and take thissupply was adjusted at the last moment for best performance for that particular demo. One application has reverse green (black on green) and the 330 ohm pullups won't allow the monitor to turn off fast enough for the black characters. I had had alt reservations have been canceled by someone who fits the description of an Atari employee. Three things occur in rapid succession. First I find the nearest person owning a credit card and briskly escort her to the desk were I rented a room for all y removed the fuse access from production units the month after I left Commodore. The C128 design team: SYS32800,123,45,6 Bil Herd Original design and Hardware team leader. Dave Haynie Integration, timing analysis, and all those dirty pped. Terry Ryan Brought structure to Basic and got in trouble for it. Threatened with the loss of his job if he ever did anything that made as much sense again. Has been know to use cynicism in ways tha Rev 6. As Von didn't carry all the machinery to do a CPM rebuild to fix the bug in software, it looked like CPM might not be showable. One third of the booth's design and advertising was based on showing CPM. In TRUE Animal fashion Von sat down wi as a good omen. Several hapless Programmers are spared the ritual sacrifice this night... little do they know they owe their lives to some unknown disc jockey. Advertisements in the Las Vegas airport and again on a billboard enroute from the airpoernate pullup packs made up back in West Chester and put them in to service. On the average,2 almost working 8563's would appear each day, hand carried by poeple coming to Vegas. Another crisis, no problem, this was getting too easy. If a machine strking... One of the things that got worse instead of better was something called the back bias generator. Now as much as I admired the blind ambition (as opposed to unmitigated gall... no one ever said it was unmitigated gall and I am not saying t(Intel, at last his eyes unfurled), "kinda like a 'come on pretty please register' I asked with my best innocent expression, "Well sort of" he replied doubt creeping in to his voice, "you wouldn't be from Texas would you", I asked my face the definitiong.) I soldered a wire between this tab and the closet ground pin. The left column reappeared though still a little broken up! The EADY prompt now proudly stated that the machine was READY and not really proclaiming it's desire to be known as the s pcorn popper (it was a buttercup to be exact) and would put an Ice cube in it and set it on the 8563. He got about 1/2 hour of operation per cube. On our side there was talk of rigging cans of cold spray with foot switches for the CES show, "sparkle equency doubler. This took the 8.18 Mhz Dot Clock (I think it was 8.18 Mhz.... been too long and too many other dot clock frequencies since then) and doubled it. We then ran a wire over to the 8563 and used this new frequency in place of its own 16  s the first time that making CES became a near possibility. We laughed, we cried, we got drunk. So much in hurry were we that the little 3" X 3" PCB was produced in 12 hours (a new record) and cost us about $1000 each. A new problem cropped up wit hat here and now) of slipping in a major change like that right before a CES show, it became obvious that it needed fixed. Now the back-bias generator connects to the substrate of the chip and if you've ever seen the ceramic versions of the 40 and 48 on of sincerity, (said in the voice of the wanna-be HBO director on the HBO made for TV commercial) "why yes.... yes I am" he replied. Mind you a crowd had formed by this time, that poor guy never understood what was so funny about being from Texas orhortened version of Edward. To fix the remaining tearing we put 330 ohm pullups on the outputs and adjusted the power supply to 5.3 volts. This is the equivalent of letting Tim-the-Tool-Man-Taylor soup up your blender with a chainsaw motor but it ??? I don't see any sparkle ". Anyways, no-one told Von.... but don't worry, he would find out the day before CES during setup in 'Vegas. 23-Oct-93 16:57:43 Sb: C128, The Final Chapter Thought I'd finish what I'd starMhz clock. Now this is equivalent to putting a revolving door at the other end of the room from the first door and synchronizing them so that they turn at the same rate. Now if you get through the first door and walk at the right speed every time toh sparkle in multi-colored character mode when used for one of the C64 game modes. Getting all too used to this type of crises, I try a few things including adjusting the power supply to 4.75 volts. Total time-to-fix, 2 minutes 18 seconds, course no pin chips you would notice that the pin 1 indicator notch is gold colored. That is actually a contact to the substrate. I have never heard of anyone ever soldering to the pin 1 indicator notch but I had little to lose. At this point all I did have what a 'Damm Texan' register was. 30-Jan-93 19:53:50 This 'fix' actually did work some what, the only problem was that noone told the guy (Von Ertwine) who was developing CP/M at home (consultant). Von had wisely chosen not to try to follow worked. The side effect was that it would limit the useful life of the part to days instead of weeks as was the normal Commodore Quality Standard. I was afraid that this fix might be deemed worthy for production. (said with the kind of sardonic cynited back in January of this year. I had been talkin 'bout how busted up the 8563, now we get to the part about how it got fixed... well fixed good enough... well patched good enough to give every possible attempt at the appearance of maybe passably wowards the second door you will probably get through. This tower working amounted to a True Miracle and was accompanied by the sound of Hell Freezing over, the Rabbit getting the Trix, and several instances of Cats and Dogs sleeping together. This waw the 80 column display was tearing again. Machines are marked as to whether they can do 40 column mode, 80 column mode or both. We averaged 1-3 of these crises a day the last two weeks before CES. Several of us suffered withdrawal symptoms if the p to lose was a HUGE jar of bad 8563's. (One night a sign in my handwriting "appeared" on this jar asking "Guess how many working 8563's there are in the jar and win a prize." Of course if the number you guessed was a positive real number you were wrall of the current Revs of the 8563, instead he latched onto a somewhat working Rev4 and kept if for software development. Later we would find out that Von, to make the 8563 work properly, was taking the little metal cup that came with his hot air pocal smile that makes parole officers really hate their jobs) Remember the syncronicity problem? Remember the revolving door analogy? We built a tower for the VIC chip that had something called a Phase Lock Loop on it which basically acted as a frered as a whole and watched on as a $100,000 worth of equipment became waterlogged, their expressions much like the bystanders at a grisly accident who can't tear their attention away from the ensuing carnage. I can honestly say that it didn't serio a register that you wrote to to request a transfere. To REALLY request the transfer you wrote the same value a second time. We refered to this as the "do it, do it now" register or the "come on pretty please" request, or my favorite, "those #$%&@ Tlayers magically appear bring old problems with it. Unfortunately, this older layer had been used to fix newer problems so we didn't have a way to combine existing layers to fix ALL problems. Dave D'Orio (start telling ya some of the names of a few o rtment pitted against the other, which was sad because the other hardworking chip designers had preformed small miracles in getting their stuff done on time. Managers started getting that look rabbits get in the headlights of onrushing Mack trucks,  a typo in specifying the hundred some terms that comprised the different operating parameters. Well the designer in charge of the PLA took this rev as an opportunity to sneak a change into the chip without really going public with the fact he was maki made a change. Talk about giving someone enough rope to hang themselves, we just kept paying it out yard by yard. 30-Jan-93 19:53:45 Anyways back to the 8563. The first problem was relatively easy to fix, providing you didn't give a hang abo usly occur to me that we wouldn't be ready for CES, for if it had, I might have succumbed to the temptation to go hide in my office (checking the telephone). There were just too many problems to stop and think what if. Next time (hopefully) I'll try exans" register. ANYWAYS, the 8563 also had a problem where the 256 'bite' transfer didn't always take place properly, leaving a character behind. This ended up having the effect of characters scrolling upwards randomly. 22-Jan-93 14:17:45 Sof the unsung types here) did a GREAT job of bringing most of the IC design efforts together. I was sitting with Dave in a bar, we were of course discussing work, when he suddenly figured out what the problem was. He had looked at the bad MMU chip usome started drinking, some reading poetry aloud and the worst were commonly seen doing both. Our favorite behaviour was where they hid in their offices. It was rumored that the potted plant in the lobby was in line for one of the key middle managmenng a change. When the change went through it caused one of the layers to shift towards one side and effectively shorted the input pins together. Ya should've seen the seen where the designer's boss was loudly proclaiming that Hardware must of screweut your own self respect. The 8563 designer mentioned that the block copy seemed to work better when you wrote the same command twice in a row. I made him explain this to me in public, mostly due to the mean streak I was starting to develop when it  and bring all the problems and answers together and explain why I stopped to tell that rather out of place TED story. 30-Jan-93 19:27:11 No single custom chip was working completely as we went into December with the possible exception of the to recap, going into December we had a chip with .001% yield, the left columns didn't work, anytime there was one pixel by itself you couldn't see it, the semi useless block transfer didn't work right, the power supply had to be adjusted for each chinder a microscope that day. Later that night, under the influence of a few Michelobs, his brain "developed" the picture his eyes had taken earlier and he realized that an earlier layer had gotten into the design. 30-Jan-93 19:49:06 This woult positions. Programmer beatings had hit a new high only to fall off to almost nothing overnight as even this no longer quelled the growing tension. A sprinkler head busted and rained all over computer equipment stored in the hallway. Engineering gathd up because his engineer DIDN't make any changes (that would've been like admitting that something had been "broken"). You could tell by the way the designer's face was slowly turning red that he hadn't yet found a way of telling his boss that he hadcame to this particular subject. He calmly explained that you mearly wrote to this register and then wrote to it again. I asked "you mean do it and do it now?" "Exactly", the designer exclaimed figuring he was on the home stretch to understanding  8510 CPU. The MMU had a problem where data was "bleeding through" from the upper 64K bank into the lower. This was in part due to a mixup in the different revision of "layers" that are used to make chips. This chip essentially had one of the older p, and it blew up before you loaded all of the fonts unless you took 10 seconds to load the fonts in which case it blew up only sometimes. Finger pointing was in High swing, (the systems guys should have said they wanted WORKING silicon) with one depad not be the first time a problem would be addressed at this particular bar. (The Courtyard.... If you ever saw the David Letterman where the guy stops the fan with his tongue, he was a bartender there). The PLA had a problem where my group had made  Finally came down "FIX IT". Hollow Victory as there was only two weeks till we packed for the show, and there were 4 or 5 other major problems (I'll say more later) with the chip and NO time to do another pass. It was obvious that if we were going h losing some packages (synonymous to losing Data) in the process or if things REALLY foul up some of the packages may make it through and you're left stranded on the other side of the door (synonymous to a completely blown write cycle). What I didn'n the system besides talking to the 8563 ???) Our running gag became not needing a ringer on the phone because you can pick it up ANY TIME and check to see if someone's on it, or better yet, sit at your desk all day picking the phone up. Even in t ) down to the lab. It turns out they wern't EVEN TESTING THE CURRENT REV of the chip, (TWO revs old), they were testing it from Basic because it "blew up" every time they ran it at system speeds (No %^$#%$# sherlock. That's what we're trying to tell  against that from my point of view here 8-9 years in the future, but right then we couldn't understand what these people were doing working on a critical project. 22-Jan-93 14:17:37 Or maybe I was just getting to used to eating Thanksgiving Di MOS and costs between $40,000 and $120,000 to run. Pretty expensive couple of chips. The other problem takes a second to explain, but first a story..... Back when TED (the Plus four) had been mutilated decimated and defecated upon, managment dec to make CES something had to give. As Josey Wales said, "Thats when ya gotta get Mean.... I mean downright plumb crazy Loco Mean". And we knew we had to. 22-Jan-93 14:17:32 Memory flash, I just remebered when we found out there was no interrup t realize that he meant was that since theres always a chance for a bad cycle to slip through, he didn't take even the most rudimentary protection against bad synchronising. IT's MY FAULT I didn't ask, "what do you mean fully by that statement" becaushe hottest discussions someone would suddenly stop, excuse himself, and pick up the nearest phone just to see if there was someone on it. This utterly failed to get the point across but provided hours of amusement. The owners at the local bar wonderyou) and even then it screwed up once and the designer reached for the reset switch saying that something does occasionally go wrong. Being one of the Animals with my reflexes highly tuned by Programer Abusing I was able to snatch his arm in mid-air nner out of aluminum foil off of a Lab Bench. Christmas consisted of stopping at someone's house who lived in the area for a couple of hours on the way home from work. Anyways, the chips could no longer display a solid screen. The first couple of ided to kick the body one last time. "TED shall Talk" came the decree and the best minds in the industry were sought... We actually did have two of the most noted consumer speech people at the time, the guys who designed the "TI Speak an Spell" worket facility built in to the 8563. I remember how patient the designer was when he sat me down to explain to me that you don't need an interrupt from the 8563 indicating that an operation is complete because you can check the status ANY TIME mearly bye I'd of found out early that there was NO protection. As it turns out the 8563 instead of failing every 3 years or so (VERY livable by Commodore standards) it failed about 3 times a second. In other words if you tried to load the font all in one shoed what fixation the guys from Commodore had with the pay phone. Any ways.... To back up to the other problems that plauged the 8563. Going into December a couple of things happened. The design had been changed to support a "back-bias generator".before he got to the reset switch, with blatant evidence there on the test screen. 19-Jan-93 21:12:15 One of the rabble was their boss and (I have been speaking about two designers interchangeably, but then they were interchangeable,) the wordcharacters on each line were either missing or tearing, until the thing heated up, then they were just missing. Also, the yield of chips that even worked this good fell to where they only got 3 or 4 working chips the last run. A run is a Half-Lot atd out of the Commodore Dallas office. They did a custom chip to interface a speech chip set to the processor. Operating open loop, in other words without feedback from any of the system design people (US) they defined the command registers. There was stopping what you're doing (over and over) and looking at the appropriate register, (even if this means banking in I/O) or better yet sit in a loop watching watching the register that indicates when an operation is done (what else could be going on it it would blow up every time! The IC designers refused to believe this up until mid December (CES in 2-3 weeks!) because "their unit in the lab didn't do it." Finally I said "show us" and they led the whole rabble (pitch forks, torches, ugly scene This thing is generally used to reduce power consumption and speed the chip up. Well, something was not quite right somewhere in the design because the chip got worse. The second thing that happened was that both designers took vacation. Nothing Write line was handled. When I asked about this, VERY late in the design cycle, like in Production when this problem turned up, I was told "remember,, this was designed to work in the Z8000 machine." ???!!!! ????!!!! Shoulda seen the look on my face! ed.... it was my fault, shoulda asked "is this meant to work"..... :/ Looking back I realize that the source of a lot of the problems with the 8563 is that it wasn't designed FOR the C128 and that the IC designers did not take part in the applicati .... 19-Jan-93 20:50:41 Forgive the sporadic nature of these additions. Now where was I .... oh yeah.... It was sometime in September when we got 8563 Silicon (or so memory serves) good enough to stick in a system. I can't the block move was only good for 256 characters. Later a bug in this feature would almost prove a show stopper with a serious problem showing up in Vegas the night of setup before the CES show. But I get ahead of myself. 16-Jan-93 19:06:50 ver I heard the sound of cold spray coming out of their office.... later it turned out they usually weren't spraying the boards just using their "Hardware Engineer" call. Sometimes all I had to do was touch the board in a mystical way and then back o (I think it was) we got concerned. It was at this time that the single most scariest statement came out of the IC Design section in charge of the '63. This statement amounted to "you'll always have some chance statistically that any read or write cy Even though the Z8000 machine was long dead and we had been TRYING for 6 months to use this damm thing in the C128 I'm being told NOW that you didn't design it to work the way we've been using it for 6 months? Shoulda asked.... it was my fault, shou on of their chip the way the other designers did. The VIC and MMU designers took an active interest in how their chip was used and how the system design worked in relation to their chip. I overlooked ramifications of how the 8563 was spec'ed to work t remember what all was wrong with the Chip but one concern we had was it occasionally (no spell checker tonight, bear with me) blew up.... big time.... turn over die and then smell bad..... But then all of the C128 prototypes did that on a semi regular It was also my understanding that this part had the same operating parameters as the 6845, a VERY common graphics adapter. Not scrutinizing the chip for timing differences the way I normally did any new chip was another mistake I made. The major timi ut slowly sometimes accompanied by ritual like chanting and humming. This became know as the "laying of hands". This worked every time execpt one, and that time it turned out I had stolen the power supply myself without telling them.... If anybody cle will fail due to (synchronicity)". 19-Jan-93 21:12:05 Synchronicity problems occur when two devices run off of two separate clocks, the VIC chip hence the rest of the system, runs off of a 14.318Mhz crystal and the 8563 runs off of a 16Mh lda asked "is this meant to work the way were using it?" :/ Don't get me wrong, the designer was VERY bright, he held patents for some of the "cells" in the Motorla 68000. It just that chip had to work in conjunction with other chips and thats wher hat came back to haunt me later. For example, it was explained to me how there was this block transfer feature for transferring characters for things like scrolling. Cool.... we need that. Later it would turn out when this feature finally did work c  basis as there wasn't really any custom silicon yet, just big circuit boards plugged in where custom chips would later go... but you can't wait for a system to be completed before starting software development. I don't think any of the Animals rea ngs indicated what speed class it was in and I didn't check them all. I blame myself as this really is the type of mistake an amateur makes. I wonder if I was in a hurry that day. :) It turns out that a major change had been made to the way the Read/ else got caught "messing with my guys" they'd get duct taped to a locker and then the box kicked out from under them leaving them stuck until they could peel themselves down, but thats another story.) ANYWAY, when this problem still existed on Rev 4 z Oscillator. Now picture walking towrds a revolving door with your arms full of packages and not looking up before launching yourself into the doorway. You may get through unscathed if your timing was accidentally just right, or you may fumble throug e some ofd the problems lay. Our story opens as Rev 0 of the chip.... (whats that..... doesn't work.... OK,) Our story opens as Rev 1 of the chip makes its debut and ......(pardon me a moment.....) Our story opens as Rev 2 of the chip makes it debut. orrectly that it only was good for 256 characters at a time. 256 characters at a time. 256 characters at a time?? I never stopped to think to ask if the feature was semi-useless because it could only block move 3 and 1/3 lines at a time. Did I mention lly gave it a thought until when the next rev of the chip came out and now with less other problems the blowing up 'seemed' more pronounced. Also the protoypes got more solid _almost_ every day. (I knew to go check on the programer's prototype whene ng C128 development. 12-Jan-93 19:28:05 Coming soon to a terminal near you... the gruesome story of the chip that almost ruined CES (and the C128 along with it) EXPERIENCE the shame and horror of being a Chip Designer at Commodore during s once and then started with a new design based on C64ness. The manager of the chip group approached me and said they had a color version of the 6845 if I was interested in using it it would deffinately be done in time having been worked on already fo is thing went round and round during our mad dash to make the CES show. I don't even remember what year it was. The 8563 was a holdover from the Z8000 based C900 (the "Z" machine as we called it). The people who worked on it were called the "Z" people feature finally did work correctly that it only was good for 256 characters at a time. 256 characters at a time. 256 characters at a time?? I never stopped to think to ask if the feature was semi-useless because it could only block move 3 and 1/3 lin at C64 compatibility was possible so no one thought along those lines. I was just coming off of finishing the PLUS 4 (before they added that AWFUL built in software to it) and even though I had done exactly what I was told to do I was not happy with ings indicated what speed class it was in and I didn't check them all. I blame myself as this really is the type of mistake an amateur makes. I wonder if I was in a hurry that day. :) 16-Jan-93 19:06:39 It turns out that a major change had b the Witch hunts! SEE the expresions on Managers faces when they realize that their Bonuses are at stake! HEAR the woeful lamenting of the programers as they are beaten for no apparent reason! SHARE the experience of being a Hardware Engineer.. r a year and a half...... And so the story begins..... (to be continued) 16-Jan-93 19:06:28 Looking back I realize that the source of a lot of the problems with the 8563 is that it wasn't designed FOR the C128 and that the IC designers did not , the place they hung out was called the "Z" lounge and well.... you get the idea. The most interesting thing that came out of that group besides a disk controller that prompted you for what sector and cylinder you'd like to write to on every acces es at a time. Did I mention the block move was only good for 256 characters. Later a bug in this feature would almost prove a show stopper with a serious problem showing up in Vegas the night of setup before the CES show. But I get ahead of myself. the end result and had decided to make the next machine compatible with _something_ instead of yet another incompatible CBM machine. (I won't go into the "yes Virginia there is Compatibility" memo that I wrote that had the lawyers many years later sti een made to the way the Read/Write line was handled. When I asked about this, VERY late in the design cycle, like in Production when this problem turned up, I was told "remember,, this was designed to work in the Z8000 machine." ???!!!! ????!!!! Shoul . stalking the halls in search of programmers to beat (for no apparent reason). LEARN how to say "THIS CHIP ONE SICK PUP" in Japanese. Find out just how badly busted up the 80 column chip was and how many DIRTY fixes were needed to make that all  take part in the application of their chip the way the other designers did. The VIC and MMU designers took an active interest in how their chip was used and how the system design worked in relation to their chip. I overlooked ramifications of how th s, was one day they stole the furniture out of the lobby and made their own lounge disguising it as a VAX repair depot. We were so amused by this that we stopped teasing them for a week. (But I become distracted....) Now the very very very early c It was also my understanding that this part had the same operating parameters as the 6845, a VERY common graphics adapter. Not scrutinizing the chip for timing differences the way I normally did any new chip was another mistake I made. The major tim ll chuckling, suffice it to say I made some fairly brash statements regarding my opinion of product strategy) Consequently, I was allowed/forced to put my money where my mouth was and I took over the C128 project. I looked at the existing schematic da seen the look on my face! Even though the Z8000 machine was long dead and we had been TRYING for 6 months to use this damm thing in the C128 I'm being told NOW that you didn't design it to work the way we've been using it for 6 months? Shoulda ask crucial show in Vegas on January 6. (Christmas, what Christmas). . Unless of course no one is interested..... :) Bil 14-Jan-93 15:37:59 This is the first of many parts as th e 8563 was spec'ed to work that came back to haunt me later. For example, it was explained to me how there was this block transfer feature for transferring characters for things like scrolling. Cool.... we need that. Later it would turn out when this oncept of the C128 was based on the D128, a 6509 based creature (boo... hiss). The engineers on the project had tacked a VIC chip onto the otherwise monchrome (6845 based) in an effort to add some color to an otherwise drab machine. No one dreamed th  ESET OMPUTER................. COLD AME AS SYS 64738 ON THE 64. EARCH AND EPLACE EXT........ CHANGE/FROM/TO/ HANGES STRING 'FROM' TO STRING 'TO'. / CAN BE ANYTHING NOT INCLUDED IN FROM OR TO 1 - INITIALIZE DRIVE 1 (B:) >C0=1 - COPY DRIVE 1 TO DRIVE 0 ON UNIT 8 >R1:TEST=TEXT - RENAMES TEXT TO TEST ON DRIVE B: >$0 - LISTS DIRECTORY OF DRIVE A: >$C KILL ISABLES THE EDITOR. O RE-ENABLE THE EDITOR 12*4096. INE ENUMBERING............... RENUM ENUMBERS LINES STARTING WITH LINE FROM. AVING EXT TO ISK............ PUT <[D:]FILENA RIENDLY IN THIS REGARD. ELECT EXT ODE............... TEXT HIS COMMAND PUTS THE EDITOR IN TEXT MODE. NY UPPER CASE CHARACTERS NOT IN QUOTES WILL BE FORCED TO LOWER CASE, AND BASIC KEYWORDS WILL NOT BE TOKENIZED. F YOU WISHw ------------- ND OF ART 1 ------------- ............ OLD ECOVERS FROM . EX TO ECIMAL & ISA ERSA.... HEX NUMBER HEX $HEXNUMBER ONVERTS HEX The following series of messages were posted by former CBM design engineer Bil Herd 71155,533. They represent a fascinating look into the "behind the scenes" shenanigans at Commodore while the C128 was being produced. Enjoy! This file will be upda ELETING EXT.................. DELETE RANGE ELETES A RANGE OF LINES FROM MEMORY. AME SYNTAX AS LIST. EARCH FOR EXT................ FIND/STRING/ RINTS LINES THAT CONTAIN 'STRING' OAD EXT ILE........... - LISTS DIRECTORY OF DRIVE C: ISPLAY ILE IZE.............. SIZE [D:] OUNTS AND DISPLAYS THE NUMBER OF BYTES IN A FILE. ISPLAY ROGRAM OAD DDRESS... START [D:] RINTS THE LOAD ADDRESS O ME> [,RANGE] TORES TEXT FROM MEMORY TO DISK. F THE FILE EXISTS IT WILL BE BE DELETED BEFORE THE NEW COPY IS TRANSFERED TO DISK. NABLE CROLL.................. REPEAT NABLES PROGRAM SCROLL AND REPEAT ON ALL KEYS.  TO EDIT OR SCROLL THROUGH A TEXT FILE CONTAINING UPPER-CASE ALPHABETICS, THEN YOU WILL NEED A QUOTATION MARK AT THE START OF EACH LINE. (SEE /) ELECT ODE.............. BASIC UTS THE EDITOR IN MODE. OWER CASE you mean memory maps or VIC Modes of operation like the Famous Multi-Color-Character-Except-every-fourth-Thursday mode? (I.E. those semi-silly modes that give the VIC chip its versatilty). There arn't really any unsupported modes as if there was a ted periodically as Bil gives us more of the story. --*--*--*--*--*-- 03-Jan-93 00:09:52 Ya interested in history??? Ever hear of the Chuck Peddal Special pin ? If you pull out the ORIGINAL (HANDRAWN!) schematic ...... GET[/Q] [D:]FILENAME [,STARTLINE] IMILAR TO LOAD, EXCEPT THE FILE IS A SEQUENTIAL TEXT FILE. F STARTLINE IS GIVEN, THEN THE FILE IS APPENDED WIPING OUT ANY LINES NUMBERED EQUAL TO STARTLINE OR HIGHER. INCE BLANK LINES AND UPPER-CASE F A PROGRAM FILE. EXT DITOR OMMANDS............... HE EDITOR IS PRIMARILY INTENDED TO EDIT TEXT FILES. T WAS DESIGNED TO BE A TEXT EDITOR FOR USE IN EDITING ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE SOURCE FILES, ALTHOUGH IT COULD BE USED TO EDIT  ISABLE CROLL................. OFF ILLS REPEAT AND PROGRAM SCROLL. N-......................... OLD ECOVERS FROM . EX TO ECIMAL & ISA ERSA.... HEX NUMBER HEX $HEXNUMBER ONVERTS HEX IS NOT FORCED, AND BASIC KEYWORDS WILL BE TOKENIZED. UTO INE UMBERING............ AUTO [INCREMENT] URNS ON AUTOMATIC LINE NUMBERING. UTO WITH NO INCREMENT DISABLES AUTO. hidden mode, meaning one the designers didn't know about, it was usually exploited by the ingenious crowd of developers. Bil P.S. Have you come across any mention of the 8510-HERD? Special run chip (48 pin) that was like gold to developers duri s of tthe 6502 there is an unusual pad marked CPS. This later went on to be the Set Overflow (SO) pin of renowned 1541 use. VIC modes of operation are actually fairly well documented in places like the C64 and C128 programmers reference guide. Do ALPHBETICS TEND TO DISRUPT THE SCROLLING OF TEXT, THE /Q SWITCH IS INCLUDED TO INCLUDE A QUOTATION MARK AT THE BEQINNING OF EACH LINE, AND THUS ALLOWS YOU TO MANIPULATE THESE TYPES OF FILES IN . ISABLING ..................  PROGRAMS AS WELL. IND, HANGE, AND ENUM, HOWEVER, WILL NOT RECOGNIZE TOKENS OR LINE NUMBER REFERENCES, SO YOU WOULD BE BETTER OFF USING OR OR SOME OTHER EDITOR FOR PROGRAMS. UTURE VERSIONS OF MAY BE MORE F TO DECIMAL OR VISA VERSA. OMMAND UMMARY................ HELP RINTS A LIST OF THE EDITOR COMMANDS. # HORTHAND FOR: RENUM 1,1000,10 HE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH WOULD PROVE MOST USEFUL. ****************************************************************************** NYWAY WITHOUT MUCH FURTHER ADO WE'LL GIVE YOU A RUN DOWN OF THE COMMANDS AVAILIABLE.....  HAT WOULD TAKE SOME DOING! ND YET IT'S THE TYPE OF THING YOU WANT TO DO QUITE EASILY WHEN YOU'RE MANIPULATING YOUR DISK LIBRARY. N GENERAL DRIVE LETTERS ARE BOTH EASIER AND MORE PRECISE THAN DRIVE NUMBERS. F YOU'RE FAMILIAR WITH - OR  IT IS FOUND IT WILL BE RUN. F ITS A MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM, THEN WILL TO ITS LOAD ADDRESS. OTE THAT THE IS NON RELOCATING.......... ITS THE SAME AS WITH ,8,1 ISPLAY IRECTORY.............. DIR[/W] [D:[PATTERN[ GRAM' (WITH ) F YOU WANT TO LOAD AND RUN THE PROGRAM JUST TYPE: F:PROGRAM WILL LOAD IT AND RUN IT (OR SYS TO IT IF ITS MACHINE LANGUAGE) N ANY CASE WE FELT THAT DRIVE LETTERS WERE SUFFICIENTLY USEFUL TH NAMES BEGIN WITH A AND ON DRIVE B WITH B. ELETE ILE.................... DEL [D:] [[D:PATTERN] [D:PATTERN]....] AMETERS. OME EXAMPLES ARE: MOVE A:ARC C: - MOVE FILE ARC ON DRIVE 8,0 TO DRIVE 9,0 MOVE A:* B:* C: - MOVE ALL FILES FROM DRIVES A & B TO DRIVE C ENAME ILE.................... REN [D:]OLDNAME NEWNAME RENA OMMANDS....................... [SQUARE BRACKETS] ARE USED TO INDICATE OPTIONAL PARAMETERS ARE USED TO INDICATE REQUIRED PARAMETERS D: IS A DRIVE LETTER...USUALLY A DESTINATION DRIVE S: IS A / YOU PROBABLY PREFER DRIVE LETTERS. F NOT, THEY MAY TAKE SOME GETTING USED TO. HAT WE'VE DONE IS ASSIGNED EACH DRIVE A LETTER ACCORDING TO THE TABLE BELOW: DRIVE LETTER DEVICE NUMBER DRIVE ------------ ------------- ----- ,PATTERN.....]]] [D:PATTERN] ... ISTS A DIRECTORY TO THE SCREEN. OME EXAMPLES ARE: DIR - LIST DIRECTORY OF DEFAULT DRIVE DIR A: - LIST DIRECTORY OF DRIVE A DIR B:??? - LIST FILES ON DRIVE B AT THEY WOULD BE WORTH THE BOTHER OF GETTING USED TO. F YOU'RE STILL NOT CONVINCED THINK ABOUT THIS EXAMPLE AFTER YOU'VE READ ON. ARC/C D:ARCFILE A:ASM.?? B:ED.?? C:* E THINK YOU'LL GROW TO APPRECIATE THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH IS AVAILI CRATCHES FILES FROM THE SPECIFIED DRIVES. P TO 9 DIFFERENT PATTERNS MAY BE GIVEN. OME EXAMPLES ARE: DEL ARC - DELETE ARC FROM DEFAULT DRIVE DEL A:TEMP* B:TEMP* - DELETE ALL FILES FROM DRIVE A OR DRIVE B WHOSE MES A FILE NAMED 'OLDNAME' TO 'NEWNAME' ON DRIVE D: ISPLAY A ILE................. TYPE [D:] IMPLY COPIES THE CONTENTS OF THE FILE NAMED TO THE SCREEN. NLY THE FIRST FILE FOUND WILL BE DISPLAYED. EDG  DRIVE LETTER...USUALLY A SOURCE DRIVE 1) GENERAL COMMANDS *********************** ELECT RIVE................... A: ELECTS DRIVE A AS THE DEFAULT DRIVE. HENEVER A COMMAND USES A DRIVE LETTER AS AN OPTIONAL  A 8 0 B 8 1 C 9 0 D 9 1 E 10 0 F 10 1 G 11 WHOSE NAMES ARE 3 CHARACTERS IN LENGTH. DIR A*,B* - LIST FILES FROM THE DEFAULT DRIVE WHOSE NAMES START WITH A OR B DIR A:T* C:T* - LISTS ALL FILES ON DR ABLE. OST OF THE COMMANDS THAT YOU WILL OFTEN REQUIRE TO VIEW DIRECTORIES, MOVE FILES ABOUT, DELETE FILES, RENAME FILES, OR EDIT SIMPLE TEXT FILES ARE AT YOUR DISPOSAL. UTURE VERSIONS OF WILL HAVE EVEN MORE COMMANDS. E FELT THAT THIS IS T  NAMES START WITH TEMP OVING ILES ETWEEN RIVES.... MOVE <[S:]PATTERN> [[[S:]PATTERN]...] OPIES FILES BETWEEN DRIVES. S MANY AS EIGHT PATTERNS MAY BE GIVEN AS PAR E...................... >DISK COMMAND HIS SHOULD BE A FAMILIAR COMMAND. T IS THE OLD UNIVERSAL WEDGE. HE ONLY DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE COMMAND ALWAYS GOES TO THE DEFAULT DEVICE. SSUMING THAT A IS THE DEFAULT DRIVE, SOME EXAMPLES ARE: >I PARAMETER, AND YOU DO NOT SPECIFY THE DRIVE LETTER, THE DEFAULT DRIVE WILL BE USED. ALID DRIVES ARE THE LETTERS A THROUGH H XECUTE ROGRAM................ D:FILENAME HIS WILL SEARCH DRIVE D: FOR THE PROGRAM SPECIFIED AND IF  0 H 11 1 HUS IF YOU WANT A PROGRAM ON DRIVE 1 OF UNIT 10, YOU CAN DO ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: DLOAD 'PROGRAM',D1 ON U10 (BASIC 4.0) LOAD '1:PROGRAM',10 (BASIC 2.0) OR LOAD 'F:PRO IVES A AND C WHOSE NAMES START WITH 'T' DIR/W - LISTS THE DEFAULT DIRECTORY, FILENAMES ONLY. DIR/W A:A* B:B* - LISTS FILENAMES ONLY FOR FILES ON DRIVE A WHOSE  COPYING FEE' FOR COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION ARE ENCOURAGED TO MAKE A 'MODERATE CONTRIBUTION' TO THE AUTHORS OF . 2) MAY ONLY BE DISTRIBUTED IN ITS ORIGINAL, UNMODIFIED STATE INCLUDING ALL DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED. 3) F YOU ARE USING ORE EFFECTIVE, PARTICULARLY ON GRAPHICS SCREENS. MAKES TWO PASSES THROUGH EACH SOURCE FILE. N THE FIRST PASS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE FILE AND CALCULATES A TWO BYTE CHECKSUM WHICH IS LATER USED TO VERIFY THE FILE'S INTEGRITY. TWARE IS THAT YOU THE USER PAY WHAT THE SOFTWARE IS WORTH TO . E LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING ANY COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS THAT YOU HAVE. F WE FEEL THEY ARE WORTH WHILE WE WILL CONSIDER THEM IN FUTURE VERSIONS OF . HERE ARE MANY WAYS IN WHICH AND 1000 OR MORE FOR TEXT AND GRAPHICS DISKS. NOTHER BIG ADVANTAGE OF IS THE FACT THAT SEVERAL FILES CAN BE COMBINED INTO A SINGLE FILE. HIS MAKES IT SIGNIFICANTLY EASIER (AND FASTER) TO TRANSFER INFORMATION FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER V ************************************* .... ABOUT NTRODUCTION...................... WAS INSPIRED BY THE PROGRAM OF THE SAME NAME WHICH HAS BEEN AVAILIABLE TO - USERS FOR SOME TIME NOW. ALLOWS YOU TO TAKE SEVERA UTTING A COMBINATION LOCK ON IT. (HIS CAN BE HANDY WHEN SENDING LOVE LETTERS TO ULU ON OMPUSERVE) F YOU ARE A PROGRAMMER YOU MAY WANT TO PROTECT YOUR SOURCE CODE BACKUPS THIS WAY, IF YOU ARE A BUSINESSMAN YOU CAN KEEP YOUR ACCOUNTING DATA CONFID IN A NON-COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT, THEN YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO MAKE A VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTION. F YOU ARE USING IN A COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT, THEN THAT CONTRIBUTION IS NOT VOLUNTARY. HE SUGGESTED CONTRIBUTION FOR PERSONAL USE IS $10.00-$20. ALSO PREPARES A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE BYTES USED IN THE FILE AND USES IT TO GENERATE THE UFFMAN CODES. T THEN CALCULATES WHAT THE RESULTANT LENGTH WOULD BE USING EACH OF THE THREE STORAGE METHODS. (STORE, SQUEEZE, OR PACK) ASS TWO THEN WR  CAN BE IMPROVED. ERSION 1.00 USED ONLY STRAIGHT STORAGE AND UFFMAN SQUEEZING. UN-LENGTH ENCODING WAS ADDED IN VERSION 1.30. EMPEL-EV COMPRESSION RESULTS IN SHORTER OUTPUT FILES IN MOST CASES AND IS SLATED FOR FUTURE VERSIONS OF . IA THE TELEPHONE LINES. F YOU USE A MULTIPLE FILE TRANSFER PROGRAM, YOU CAN STRATEGICALLY NAME YOUR ARCHIVES SO AS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF PATTERN MATCHING AND THUS FURTHER SIMPLIFY THE PROCESS. F THE BULLETIN BOARD YOU ARE CALLING USES FILES, YO L RELATED FILES AND BACK THEM UP INTO A SINGLE ARCHIVE FILE. HE RESULTING ARCHIVE IS GENERALLY 10% TO 50% SMALLER THAN THE COMBINED LENGTHS OF THE ORIGINAL FILES. HEN HUFFMAN CODING IS USED TO SQUEEZE FILES, THE COMPRESSION RATIO (THE ORIGINAL ENTIAL AS WELL. N ORDER TO ACHIEVE SOME OF THE FLEXIBILITY AND EASE OF USE OF THE - VERSION WE HAD TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT OMMODORE . FTER ALL ISN'T: DEL A:SCRAPFILE1 C:SCRAPFILE2 A HECK OF ALOT EASIER THAN: 00 HE SUGGESTED CONTRIBUTION FOR ORGANIZATIONS IS $35.00-$50.00 NY CONTRIBUTIONS WILL BE APPRECIATED AND SHOULD BE MAILED TO: MPERE ETAL 80 ALE OAD UNIT 4 RAMPTON, NTARIO 6 31 NYONE CONTRIBUTING $20.00 OR MORE WILL RECIEVE ITES THE FILE TO THE ARCHIVE USING THE MOST EFFICIENT OF THESE METHODS. HE PRIMARY ADVANTAGE OF IS AS A BACKUP TOOL. ORD PROCESSING FILES, ASSEMBLER SOURCE CODE, DATABASE FILES, GRAPHICS AND MUSIC FILES SQUEEZE RATHER WELL. N FACT, DUE TO  AND FAST SERIAL 128 VERSIONS WILL ALSO BE AVAILIABLE, AS WELL AS ROUTINES DESIGNED FOR THOSE OF YOU WITH ONLY A SINGLE 1541 DRIVE. ELATIVE FILES, ANDOM ACCESS FILES, RUNNING PROGRAMS FROM AN ARCHIVE... THE LIST OF POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IS ENDLE U WILL SPEND LESS TIME READING DIRECTORIES AND TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHICH, AND HOW MANY FILES YOU HAVE TO DOWNLOAD TO GET THE PROGRAM YOU WANT TO WORK! ALSO ALLOWS YOU TO SPECIFY A PASSWORD WHEN CREATING AN ARCHIVE. HIS IS ANALOGOUS TO P  LENGTH DEVIDED BY THE SQUEEZED LENGTH) IS ABOUT 1.11 FOR PROGRAMS, 1.6 FOR TEXT FILES, AND CAN BE 2.0 OR MORE FOR GRAPHICS SCREENS. UFFMAN CODED FILES SHOW UP AS 'SQUEEZED' ON AN ARCHIVE DIRECTORY. UN-LENGTH SQUEEZING ('PACKING') IS SOMETIMES M  OPEN 15,8,15 PRINT#15,'S0:SCRAPFILE1' CLOSE 15 OPEN 15,9,15 PRINT#15,'S0:SCRAPFILE2' CLOSE 15 OR WHAT ABOUT: MOVE A:ARC.EXE B:ARC.ASM C:USQ F:  PRINTED DOCUMENTATION, AND A 1541/4040 DISKETTE CONTAINING THE LATEST VERSION OF . (LEASE BE SURE TO INCLUDE YOUR CORRECT ADDRESS AND POSTAL CODE.) EEL FREE, HOWEVER, TO CONTRIBUTE ANY AMOUNT YOU LIKE. HE WHOLE IDEA BEHIND USER SUPPORTED SOF THEIR HEAVY USE OF GRAPHICS PICTURES, EVEN GAMES CAN SQUEEZE DOWN QUIT WELL IN SOME INSTANCES. ORMALLY A 1541/4040 DISKETTE HAS A CAPACITY OF 664 BLOCKS OF STORAGE. SING , YOU CAN INCREASE THIS TO THE EQUIVALENT OF ABOUT 800 BLOCKS FOR GAMES, SS. ROGRAM DEVELOPMENT TAKES TIME. OTS OF IT. HE MORE SUPPORT WE GET FROM YOU IN THE FORM OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM, THE MORE MOTIVATED WE WILL BE TO SPEND OUR TIME ON IMPROVING . ***************************************** 1:00 DIR 6:32 SLOW 14:10 CONTDIRPRINT 6:05 5:07 1541 DIR ASS 3.4 5:53 1:13 GEOS FILE WITH CAPIOB FOR THIS ROUTINE. HE SECOND WAS WRITTEN BY . OTTON OF AND WAS PART OF HIS ORIGINAL PROGRAM. T IS THE 'OUTPUT FILENAMES FROM A DIRECTORY' PORTION. WAS FORCED TO MAKE MINOR MODIFICATIONS TO IT TO ALLOW IT TO REPORT TO MY PROGRAM WHETH SEARCH FUNCTION, AND IS NOT SUBJECT TO THE GARBAGE COLLECTION DELAYS YOU WILL ENCOUNTER WITH ATTERN ATCHING IS WHERE EXCELLS. OU WON'T BE TOLD HOW MANY MATCHES WERE FOUND, YOU CAN'T GET HARDCOPY OUTPUT WITHOUT A SCREEN DUMP UTIL WILL REACH ME UNTIL AY 1, 1994 AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: RIC . HITAKER 25422 RABUCO OAD L ORO, ALIFORNIA 92630 OW ITS ORIGIN. T SORTS THE SUBDIRECTORY LIST AFTER IT IS READ INTO THE ARRAY. INALLY, OSSNPUT  3 AND ORDER TILITIES WHICH INCLUDES (AMONG OTHER FINE UTILITIES) A ULTI-DRIVE, PRINTING PROGRAM WHICH YOU SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT. F YOU NEED SPEED, OR WISH TO MAKE MULTIPLE SEARCHES, THEN 3.11 IS FOR YOU. RECOMMEND USING UPER SN R*,GG*+,*SDA,CMD*=P IT CHOKES (66,ILLEGAL BLOCK) DON'T KNOW WHY, AND HAVEN'T EXPERIMENTED EXTENSIVELY TO TRY TO SWAT THIS ONE YET. SUSPECT IT'S A FUNCTION OF THE - DOS, THOUGH, AND NOT MY PROGRAM. F ANYONE HAS ANY IDEAS ON THIS, EMAIL OR S TAL '' 6:32 SLOW AN'T DIR* AN'T 1:13 *DIR AN'T 1:20 (GARBAGE 7SEC) *=S AN'T 2: ER OR NOT IT HAD FOUND ANY FILES IT STARTED PRINTING THEM. ALSO ADDED STATUS CHECKS TO CORRECTLY READ THE PARTITION DIRECTORIES ($=P , ETC.). NCE AGAIN, THANKS TO OUG FOR A VERY USEFUL & FAST ROUTINE. Y NEXT MODIFICATION TO IT, IF ANY, WILITY, AND YOU PRETTY MUCH CAN FORGET SEARCHING FOR FILES. IF YOU CAN REMEMBER HOW THE PROG YOU NEED TO FIND STARTS OR ENDS, OR EVEN HOW LONG IT'S NAME IS, OR IT'S TYPE, THEN THIS IS THE PROGRAM FOR YOU. EMEMBER THAT PATTERNS MAY BE MA OCS (ART 1/2) ILE RCHIVE TILITY ERSION 1.34 ELEASED ULY 86 IS THE COPYRIGHTED PROPERTY OF MPERE ETAL. OU ARE GRANTED A LIMITED LICENSE TO USE, COPY, AND DISTRIBUTE PROVIDED THAT THE FOLLOWING CONDITIAPSHOT (OR ANY OTHER CAPTURE CARTRIDGE) IN CONJUNTION WITH SCORMFIND TO ELIMINATE THE OVERHEAD OF THE INITIAL DRIVE SCAN. IRST, RUN 3.11 ON YOUR OR WHATEVER, THEN CAPTURE IT. OME SPEED COMPARISONS USING A ARD DRIVE WITH 276 SUBDIRECNAILMAIL ME ABOUT IT. HIS PROGRAM WAS COMPILED FOR SPEED USING THE USTROSPEED COMPILER FROM -LINK AND THE ML MODULES USED WERE LINKED WITH TARLINK FROM #105. ALSO USED SEVERAL ROUTINES CULLED FROM -LINK IN THIS PROGRAM. ACHINE ANGUAGE01 *=B AN'T 1:23 ALL 10 LETTER FILES AN'T 1:48 ALL 16 LETTER FILES ENDING IN 'ARC' AN'T 1:29 *SDA,GG*+,JIF*,DIR*,CMD*=P AN'T L BE TO REROUTE THE OUTPUT TO PRINTER OR SCREEN AS DIRECTED BY THE MAIN BASIC PROGRAM. FAST MACHINE LANGUAGE SORT ROUTINE WAS INCLUDED, BUT DO NOT KNOW ITS ORIGIN. T SORTS THE SUBDIRECTORY LIST AFTER IT IS READ INTO THE ARRAY. INALLY, OSSNPUT TCHED, USING COMMAS, SO LONG AS ONLY ONE TYPE IS SPECIFIED. EXAMPLE *SDA,GG*+,JIF*,DIR*,CMD*=P WILL: FIND ALL PRG FILES THAT: END WITH SDA START WITH GG AND END WITH + START WITH JIF ONS ARE MET: 1) O FEE MAY BE CHARGED FOR COPYING OR DISTRIBUTION. F YOU GIVE A COPY TO A FRIEND OR ASSOCIATE OR LET HIM DOWNLOAD IT FROM YOUR BULLETIN BOARD, IT MUST BE DONE FREE OF CHARGE. NDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS WHICH CHARGE A 'MODERATETORIES AND 7696 FILES. EARCH STRING/PERATION -------------------------- -------- ---- ---------- NITIAL RIVE SCAN 1:58 AVE SNAPSHOT AFTER SCAN  OUTINES USED IN 3.11 HE FIRST WAS A MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE WRITTEN BY -LINK YSOP (OB OBER) WHICH READS A DIRECTORY INTO A BASIC STRING ARRAY. HIS WAS HOW THE SCAN FOR ALL SUBDIRECTORIES AT ALL LEVELS WAS DONE. Y THANKS TO  1:36 ALL GG FILES ENDING IN '+' AN'T 1:13 OTE THAT FOR NON PATTERN MATCHED SEARCHES, IS APPRECIABLY FASTER THAN MY PROGRAM UP UNTIL SEARCH STRINGS OF 10 OR 11 LETTERS. DDITIONALLY, IS NOT STRING HEAVY IN IT'SBY YSTERIO, ON -INK, WAS USED TO CONTROL THE INPUT AND ALLOW COLONS AND OTHER CHARACTERS TO BE ENTERED. OR ANYONE INTERESTED IN CONTACTING ME, CAN NOW BE REACHED ON AS .2 AND (OCCASIONALLY) ON -LINK AS EEK OR CORMUS. NAIL MAIL START WITH DIR START WITH CMD AND DO IT . NOTE: THE ABOVE SEARCH SEEMS TO WORK FINE ON MY -200 BUT REWRITTEN AS JIF*,DIVERSIONLOG FOR MSDOSCOPY 0.1 -PROGRAM TO READ DIR OF /- DISK; READS BOOTSECTOR TO $C000 AND DIR TO $C200; SCREENOUTPUT OF ADRESS BEING WRITTEN TO 0.2 DIR NOW AT $9000; BECAUSE OF THIS SET TO $9000; ADRESS OUTPUT REMOVED; SPEEDS P 3.11 WAS ORIGINALLY INSPIRED BY A PROGRAM WRITTEN BY . OTTON OF REATIVE ICRO ESIGNS. T WAS DESIGNED TO SEARCH ALL PARTITIONS AND ALL ATIVE MODE SUBDIRECTORIES INSTEAD OF JUST SEARCHING THE ROOT DIRECTORIES. AM QUITE HAPPY WITH IN"(ENGLISH) 1.3 INCLUDED SUB FOR SENDING DOS COMMANDS TO #8; SUB FOR GETTING SINGLE KEY. 1.31 CHANGED THE USE OF ZP-ADRESS $03/$04 TO $C3/$C4 TO ACHIEVE COMPATIBILITY WITH FSD- 1.32 REPLACED ALL ADRESSES $05-$07 BY ADRESSES IN THE I/O-POINTER AR SIZE OF THE STRING ARRAYS INVOLVED, ( 256 SUBDIRS PER DIRECTORY AT EACH LEVEL, 2048 SUBDIRECTORIES TOTAL PER DRIVE) CAN BE MADE A MUCH MORE SERIOUS PROBLEM WITH PARTIAL MATCHING. HE PROGRAM WILL OCCASIONALLY SEEM TO LOCK UP FOR SEVERAL (ABOUT 16) SE FFY OS ROMS, AND WILL ALLOW EASY LOADING OF FILES, ONCE FOUND, IF USED WITH A IFFY OS COMPATIBLE SYSTEM. 4.) HE SIZE OPTION MAY ALSO INCLUDE A TYPE SWITCH, IE. SIZE=P WILL FIND PRG FILES OF A GIVEN LENGTH. LSO, THE FILE TYPE SWITCHES AND PARTITION ERTAINLY NEVER BE ADDED. 7.) HE 1541 (AND POSSIBLY THE 1571, 'M NOT SURE) DOES NOT SUPPORT PATTERNS THAT START WITH *, ALTHOUGH IT DOES SUPPORT THE * WILDCARD AS A FINAL CHARACTER. HE 1581, AND ALL DRIVES DO, THOUGH AND YOU TYPICALLY WILL NOT NE ROGRAM UP NOTICEABLE 1.0 CHANGED TO ASSEMBLER; COMPLETE PROGRAM TO COPY FILE FROM -DISK IN 1581(#9) TO DRIVE #8; BOOTSECTOR AT $C000; FAT AT $C200; DIRBLOCK AT $9000; ACTUAL CLUSTER AT $9800; QUERY FOR DIR-ENTRIES AT MS-DOS DISK; JUMPS OVER SCRATCHE TS PERFORMANCE AND AM CERTAIN YOU WILL BE TOO. HIS PROGRAM IS FOR THE MOST PART SELF DOCUMENTING BUT SEVERAL ITEMS SHOULD BE NOTED HERE FOR REINFORCEMENT. 1.) ON SPECIFIC (IE. PARTIALLY MATCHING) SEARCHES CAN BE MUCH SLOWER THAN SEARCHES WHICH USE THEA IN THE ZP (E.G. $B0...) 1.4 DDED SIMPLE ROUTINE FOR VIEWING - DIRECTORY. OT QUITE FAST, NOT EVEN GOOD (SHOWS FILES, EVEN THE DELETED OR NOT ALLOCATED) 1.41 HANGED LOCATION OF AND DIR FROM $C000 TO $8000 TO SPEED UP WORK WITH A CONDS AT A TIME, AND IT WILL HAPPEN ABOUT 10-15 TIMES AS OFTEN FOR PARTIAL SEARCHES. FUTURE VERSION MAY ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM, BUT FOR NOW, JUST SUFFER WITH IT. FTER THE READ IS COMPLETE, YOU WILL BE TOLD HOW BAD THE DELAYS WILL BE, AND HOW MUCH FREE TYPE SWITCHES SHOULD NOT BE CAPITALIZED. EFER TO THE EXAMPLES IN THE HELP SCREEN, AND NOT THE LISTINGS OF TYPES WHICH WERE ONLY CAPITALIZED BECAUSE THEY LOOK BETTER AND STAND OUT MORE THAT WAY. 5.) HIS PROGRAM ONLY SUPPORTS PRINTING OF THE SUBDIRECTED TO BE SEARCHING YOUR FLOPPIES FOR A SPECIFIC FILE ANYWAY. (OR AT LEAST NOT WITH THIS PROGRAM) 8.) HIS PROGRAM DOES NOT SUPPORT 1581 SUBDIRECTORIES, ALTHOUGH T WOULD BE POSSIBLE TO DO SO. HAVEN'T REALLY USED SUBDIRECTORIES ON MY 1581 DRIVES ANYWAD FILES 1.1 INCLUDED -KEY FOR DIRECTORY-QUERY; FIXED SEVERAL MINOR BUGS 1.11 FIXED "1-UG"; PRG DIDN'T COPY LAST CLUSTER OF FILE 100% RELIABLE; CUTTED SOURCE BY ELIMINATING SOME LABELS 1.2 COMPLETELY REWRITTEN BYTECOUNTER AT 'COPYTO41'; 1-UGE * OR SEARCHES FOR SPECIFIC LENGTH FILES. HAT IS BECAUSE THE PROGRAM MUST OPEN THE DIRECTORY OF PARTITION AS MANY AS 17 TIMES. (EXAMPLE 'DIR' WILL TAKE 14 TIMES AS LONG TO SCAN FOR AS DIR*). N THE OTHER HAND, USING THE ASTERISK ELIMINATES THE PDRIVE DEFINITLY! MMM...DOESN'T WORK EITHER... 1.42 IXED - DIR ROUTINE BY ADDING A 'JSR INITDISK' AT THE BEGINNING. OW WORKS AT FIRST CALL. IRST PUBLIC RELEASE! ITH FSD- 1.32 REPLACED ALL ADRESSES $05-$07 BY ADRESSES IN THE I/O-POINTER AR VARIABLE SPACE IS LEFT. 3.) HE RUN/STOP KEY IS TESTED FOR AFTER EACH PARTITION SCANNED AND ALSO AFTER EACH DIRECTORY SEARCHED, BUT WILL ONLY STOP THE CURRENT PROCESS, NOT ABORT THE PROGRAM. LSO, THE OUTPUT TO SCREEN WAS DESIGNED TO COMPLEMENT THE IORY LISTING OF EACH DEVICE. HAD INTENDED TO INCLUDE FULL PRINTER SUPPORT, BUT MORE ON THAT LATER. 6.) ULTI DRIVE SUPPORT IS IMPLEMENTED, BUT ONLY SO FAR AS TO ALLOW YOU TO SWITCH DRIVES AND DEVICES AT WILL. EARCHES OF MULTIPLE DRIVES WILL ALMOST CY, AND DON'T REALLY SEE THE NEED FOR THEM, DUE TO THEIR SIZE RESTRICTIONS. F ANYONE WANTS 1581 SUPPORT MIGHT CONSIDER TRYING TO INCLUDE IT, BUT MY CURRENT PRIORITY IS TO ADD PRINTER SUPPORT. T SHOULD HAVE BEEN RELATIVELY EASY, BUT THAT TUR NOW TOTALLY FIXED; INCLUDED MAIN MENU AND PROGRAM LOOP; PROGRAM DOESN'T FINISH AUTOMATICALLY ANY MORE AFTER EACH DISK; 'U0D'-COMMAND INCLUDED IN INITDISK; DIR-PRG FOR CBM DRIVES INCLUDED; 'HASHING' WHILE COPYING FILE; PROGRAM NOW COMPLETELY IN "NEWGERMAOSSIBILITY OF FINDING PARTIAL MATCHES, SUCH AS 'MIS DIR.II PAL' FOR INSTANCE. HE NON SPECIFIC SEARCHES WERE INCLUDED FOR JUST THAT REASON, BUT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. 2.) ARBAGE COLLECTION, WHICH IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM ALREADY, DUE TO THE NED OUT NOT TO BE THE CASE. : F YOU NEED PRINTED OUTPUT, WISH TO SEARCH MULTIPLE DRIVES WITHOUT OPERATOR INTERVENTION, OR WANT TO SEARCH FOR FILES, WITHOUT MESSING AROUND WITH , GO TO YOUR PHONE AND CALL AT 1-800-638-3262065TBS  Q - T  1 L U0JI%7  L    L( L FATAL ERROR!INSERT DISK IN DRIVE! DEVICE NOT PRESENT! Y/N COPY IN PROGRESSEND OF DIRECTORY  F1 - COPY X$(13) 4201EF0:TA$(TA$,16)","FT$",W": M1$;TA$=1 1: 15: 15,TD,15,"I0": 1,TD,8,TA$T115,DS: DS 17401 AR,TB256: XR,1: YR,(TP1)256:ZZ15: MO2 ZZ91 MLZZ:15,DS1 DS DS$:EF11 1: 20601: "SEL REAK! PROGRAM FINISHED!      lÄĢ8åĥ)IH ĥå8åĥ䅱H8ihh`HĘJjeåeĩeÅéeąĠêȱÅĆh)FfFfFfFfå "DK$4"IN DRIVE" DR5 "THEN PRESS TO CONTINUE"25 "OR ANY OTHER KEY FOR MENU"J5 X$: X$"" 2040T5 810m5 DRSD: SDTD 220w5 1905 198,0::"PRESS A KEY TO CONTINUE"5* A$: A$"" 209054 1960 ELL, THERE ARE ACTUALLY SO MANY THINGS YOU COULD EXPECT THIS KIND OF PROGRAM TO DO THAT JUST CANNOT DECIDE WHERE TO START :) O, YOU HACKERS, IF YOU'RE MISSING SOMETHING, JUST LOOK INTO THE LIST AND EMAIL ME RIGHT AWAY, ESPECIALLY IF YOU'RE THI ICK DONE, IF THE -2000/4000 ARE FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH THE 1581, JUST NEEDS A CHANGE IN THE ( WAS LAZY ;) AND -DRIVES WERE WHEN STARTED WRITING THIS), CAN ANYONE SUPPLY ME WITH INFO, ESPECIALLY ABOUT THE USE OF THE Ф/Ф ($4/$6 - TO  F7 - VIEW DIRECTORY  F6 - END PROGRAM  F3 - SEND COMMANDS  F8 - VIEW - DIRECTORY  A  b *  vɅL~ ɆL ɈL ɋL ɌL L ENTER COMMAND: L [Ϡ   ECT COPY MODE:"2 "1 = BINARY":"2 = TRANSLATE PETASCII <> ASCII";2 "SELECT MODE [1 OR 2]";MOT2 MO1 MO2 EF1Z2i2 1760::2"SELECT TARGET FILE TYPE:"2& "S = SEQ": "P = PRG": "U = USR"20 "SELECT [S, P, OR U]";FT)`8Ø&ĭ eêi`U0     朤 mFfFfFfFf8e  i `M - RLM - WLHHH   h h [  CE WITH OUR UN*X'S 'MV' COMMAND AND ALSO LOST NAME AND -MAIL ADDRESS FROM THE GUY WHO DISCOVERED THIS) ILE CONVERSION UTILITIES (NOT INTENDED, BECAUSE THERE ARE STILL THE PLANS FOR THE (NIVERSAL ILE UNCHER), BUT IF THE PUBLIC PRESSURES ME :) NKING THAT AN IMPORTANT FEATURE IS MISSING IN THE LIST. O NOT MAKE YOUR OWN HACKS, THOUGHT ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS ALREADY AND THERE EXIST SECTIONS OF SOURCECODE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN USED YET, SO THE WHEEL DOES NOT NEED TO BE INVENTED TWICE. ELL HERE WE ) JOBCODES IN THE SERIES??) INGLE DRIVE SUPPORT (WILL TAKE SOME WORK, ESPECIALLY FOR LARGER FILES) SUPPORT (USED WITH FORMER FEATURE, IMAGINE COPYING 400 TEXT FILE FROM - TO 1581 FORMAT) 1571 SUPPORT (WELL NOW 'M USING THE Ф JOBCO  [ oL $    ( ͽ ;  LZ   L   JJJJeʆ 5 [W . ;  U N"Y [Ƞ $2: FT$"S" FT$"P" FT$"U" EF13D=3N 810: M0$;DI$(Y2): 15: 15,SD,15,"/0:"Z$:XF1:L3XZ16:ADTBt3b (DI$(Y2),Z,1)" " ZZ1: 18903lZ$(DI$(Y2),Z):3v 810: "DISK ERROR": 2080: 1303 (DI$(Y2),2)" 64 BY M. GARAMSZEGHY.:F 53280,6: 53281,6l( (25600) 245 "M64.ML*",8,12"INITIALIZING...PLEASE WAIT"< 56,99:F FA(800),DI$(144),LE$(144),FM(112) PM0$"READING...":M1$"WRITING...":M2$" DIRECTORNO LABEL>")'fB1192:SI1:S1:T0:ADDB:PAD: 1150:P0(P13)\'pP1(P14):P2(P16):P3(P22):P4(P17)16'zP5(P19)(P20)256:P6(P24):P7(P26)1'FSP1P2P3P4:NC(P5FS)P0:'ADDB:F1P1P2P3: LSF1 F1P41: 1140::FBA0! @ "SELECT NUMBER FOR FILE TO READ;"N J "'N' FOR NEXT PAGE; 'P' FOR PREVIOUS;"z T "OR 'Q' TO QUIT": "YOUR CHOICE ";YC$ ^ YC$"N" Y1Y110: 260 h YC$"P" Y1Y110: 260 r YC$"Q" 130 |Y2(YC$): Y20 Y2DC 270 !XF 256:+15,"U0"(B1)(T)(S)(1)(T):2+15,"M-W"(206)(1)(1)(SI)U+15,"M-W"(11)(0)(2)(T)(S)u+15,"M-W"(2)(0)(1)(164)+15,"M-R"(2)(0)(1)+#15,A$: (A$" ")127 1230++SP(P71)P6+SI((LS(LSSP) 1$,Z,1)):$v Z11 31: BZZ,0:A$ BZ28,LE(LE256)256: BZ29,LE256U$FC3: 790:FCJy$ BZ26,FC 255: BZ27,FC256$ ADTB TP1 512$ 1320: 790:FA(FC)J:FCJ::FA(FC)4095$ "ENCODING";NC;M3$;" CLUSTERS"% I0  845)256)254.US((848)(849)256)2543.TT$"": Z852 872:TT$TT$((Z)):<.ZTBj.DCDC1:DI$(DC)"":LE(Z22)(Z23)256.LE$(DC)(LE254). Z11 21:DI$(DC)DI$(DC)((ZZ1)):.ZZ32: (Z)255 . 1490.SC Y":M3$" FAT"5ZT2$"MSDOS <-> 64 BY M. GARAMSZEGHY"TdM6$"MS-DOS":M7$"CBM-DOS"}nBL$" ":DB104256:TBDB5376xAR780:XR781:YR782:ML25601 810: "SELECT SOURCE DISK TYPE:":"1 = ";M6$ "2 = ";M7$:"3 = QUIT":TC0:SD0 D' DX0 1060(IDB:DC0:US0"( (I)0 1050I(X$"": J0 10:X$X$((IJ)):b( (X$,2)". " 1040(((I11) 8)8 TT$X$: 1040(LE(I28)(I29)256(I30)256256(FM(I26)(I27)256(DCDC1:DI$(DC)X$:F0: TC 1540,1620! XF 240,!WC0:TD0: 810Z! "FILE LOADED = ";DI$(Y2): LE;"BYTES":! "SELECT TARGET DISK TYPE:":"1 = ";M6$! "2 = ";M7$:"3 = RETURN TO SOURCE DIRECTORY"!: "YOUR CHOICE [1, 2, OR 3]";WC! WC1 WCSP)P6) P7,T(LSSP):SLS(LSP6)P61', B1192: SI B1208B, TX2 SI(SI1) 1H,n,(LS(FC2)P0FS: 1340: P01 ,2ADAD512:LSLS1,< 1260:B1B12,F AR,AD256: XR,15: ML3,P TX2 1380,Z15,"U0"(B1)( NC:PFB(1.5I):% I 1 P,((FA(I) 15)16) (P): P1,FA(I)16l% (I 1)0 P,FA(I) 255: P1,FA(I)256%: M1$;M3$:ADFB% LS1 P3: 1340:ADAD512:%ADFB: LSP31 P32: 1340:ADAD512:% M1$;M2$&ADDB:FM(Y2):ADTB: 810: M0$;DI$(Y2)$/ LE$(Y2)"" ADDB:XF1: 19205/ SC0 910i/" 1120: SCFA(SC): SC4090 AD254256 1590t/, 1570/6LE(LE$(Y2)): LE65280TB LE65280TB/@TPTBLE: XF 920/J 1670/T 1880: (DI$!: "YOUR CHOICE [1, 2, OR 3]";TC7 TC1 TC2 d::"SELECT SOURCE DEVICE [8 TO 12]";SD} SD8 SD12 130T$M6$: TC2 T$M7$DK$"(SOURCE)":DRSD: 2000XF0: X$(13) 130 810: M0$ M2$;:EF0DX1: TM(DC)FM )USUSLE:LE$(DC)(LE)2)((I11) 16)16 LE$(DC)""]) (X$,2)".." DI$(DC)" "n)II32: 940{) XF )$: M0$;M3$;" ...";NC;"CLUSTERS"). LS1 P3: 1140:)8 I0 NC :PFB(1.5I):X1(P):X22 240("::"SELECT TARGET DEVICE [8 TO 12]";TDA" TD8 TD12 240h"DX0: DRTD:T$M6$: WC2 T$M7$"::"TARGET FILENAME";TA$" 810:DK$"(TARGET)": WC 1 540" 1810: EF 270" 1680"P1#& P(TA$) (TA$,PT)(S)(1)(T):-d15,"M-W"(206)(1)(1)(SI)5-n15,"M-W"(11)(0)(2)(T)(S)U-x15,"M-W"(2)(0)(1)(166)`- 1230y- 15: 15,SD,15,"I0"- 1: 1,SD,0,"$0":15,DS: DS 1910-DC0: AR,TB256: XR,1: ML21- 1:FR((844)( LSF1 F1P41: 1340:ADAD512:&  2060E& ZFC1 NC : FA(Z)0 JZ:ZNC1M& :b&* "";T2$;"":{&4 15:TX1: 15,DR,15&>15,"U0>B0":15,A: A0 TX2: 860&H15,"U0>M1"&R15,"U0"(10):15,A: A EF1:TX0:&\TT$"<(Y2),18,3)"CBM" 1870: 143000^EF0: 810: "CBM FILE = "DI$(Y2): 1760: EF1 ]0h 1: 1,SD,2,Z$:15,DS: DS EF1: 1:0r 810: M0$;Z$:ZZ12MO: AR,TB256: XR,10| ZZML:TP(250)(251)256:LETPTB0 1: ML18:0 2000: C 820,1420 EF 1910)Y10:YC$"N"C Y10 Y1DC Y10b 810: "DISK NAME = ";TT$ US;"BYTES USED; ";DC;"ENTRIES"": 5);"FILENAME";26);"SIZE": 1990, IY11 Y110: IDC I;4);DI$(I);25);LE$(I)6: 199(P1) *B I 1 FA(I)X216(X116)5*L (I 1)0 FA(I)X1256(X2 15)=*V:c*`LS(SC2)P0FS: 1140: P01 o*jLSLS1z*t 1260*~ TX 1190,1200*B3: 1170:B4*15,"M-R"(0)(B)(0)* AR,AD256: XR,15: ML:ADAD,1)"." PP1: 550%#0 P(TA$) TA$TA$"."W#:F1$((TA$,P1)BL$,8)((TA$,P1,3)BL$,3)l#D 2000: M0$;M2$#N 820: 810: M1$;F1$#X ZDB FB 32: (Z)0 (Z)229 BZZ:ZFB1#b: BZFB 1910#l Z1 11: BZ1Z,((FAl MASTERMMSOFT702AMSDOS64M64.ML3MSDOS64.TXT MSDOSCOPY 1.42TODO MSDOSCOPY.DOC MSLOGSCORMFIN.DOC!KKNATIVE.BIN" ARCDOCS1.CBM<ARCDOCS2.CBM3 CHISTRY.CBMSCORMFIN.PRG9CMD.PARTVIEW.V46CMD.PARTVIEW MODUSER.PART.INFOKKCBMHISTO.TXTHKKKKKKKKKKKdLAdL\dLSeLeLdL$eLeL$fxddX`xddX`   .dL   dd d & di ddLiddd`M-W      HE -/-64 ONNECTION Y IKLOS ARAMSZEGHY IT RIGHT: -64; 1571 OR 1581 DISK DRIVE E'RE NOW AT THE FINAL INSTALLMENT IN THE THREE-PART SERIES ON EXCHANGING TEXT AND DATA FILES BETWEEN - AND OMMODORE COMPUTERS. ART 1, IN THE PRDRIVE. OTE THAT YOU CANNOT USE THE PROGRAM WITH A 1541 DRIVE, DUE TO THAT DRIVE'S DIFFERENT METHOD OF RECORDING DATA. OU CAN MOVE FILES OF UP TO ABOUT 30 (120 DISK BLOCKS) IN SIZE IN EITHER OF TWO MODES: RANSLATION MODE, WHICH CONVERTS THE FILE RE " MEANS THE NORMAL OPERATING SYSTEM IN OMMODORE DISK DRIVES, INCLUDING THE 1571 AND 1581. HE OPENING MENU ASKS FOR INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR SOURCE DISK, STARTING WITH ITS TYPE -- - OR OMMODORE. NTER 1 OR 2 ACCORDINGLY, OR 3 IRECTORY OF THE SOURCE DISK. N THE CASE OF AN - DISK, IT WILL ALSO AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINE THE DISK'S TYPE (NUMBER OF SIDES, NUMBER OF SECTORS PER TRACK, AND SO FORTH) AND DECODE ITS FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (), WHICH IS SIMILAR IN FUNCTION TO THE  ), ALONG WITH THE NUMBER OF FILES IN THE DIRECTORY AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BYTES USED BY THESE FILES. OTE THAT THE FILE SIZES ARE EXPRESSED IN BYTES, NOT IN THE BLOCKS TO WHICH OMMODORE USERS ARE ACCUSTOMED. S A RESULT, THE SIZES INDICATED FOR OMMO  .d .d`dd   d dL   Le d) ( .d .d̄ Le ޭdA[{ɀ)_ Le Ledd   d)d &    IL ISSUE OF , PRESENTED A PROGRAM THAT LETS A -128 READ FROM AND WRITE TO - DISKS. AST MONTH, ART 2 ADDED A PROGRAM FOR FORMATTING - DISKS WITH EITHER A -128 OR -64. HIS MONTH, COMPLETE THE PICTURE WITH A PROGRAM THAT ENABLES A -64  FROM (OMMODORE ) TO TRUE (STANDARD) , OR INARY MODE, WHICH CREATES A STRAIGHT BYTE-FOR-BYTE COPY. OMMODORE FILES CAN BE SEQUENTIAL (), PROGRAM () OR USER (); RELATIVE () FILES AND USER-TYPE FILES WON'T WORK. ENUS A TO QUIT THE PROGRAM. RESS THE RETURN KEY AFTER MAKING YOUR SELECTION, THEN CHOOSE THE DEVICE NUMBER, 1--8, OF THE SOURCE DRIVE. NUMBER OUTSIDE THAT RANGE WILL BE REJECTED, AND YOU'LL BE RETURNED TO THE SOURCE-DISK PROMPT. AVING ENTERED A OMMODORE (BLOCK ALLOCATION MAP). ATCH THE SCREEN TO KEEP TRACK OF WHAT'S HAPPENING. HIS PROCESS MAY TAKE A COUPLE OF MINUTES, MOSTLY DUE TO THE SLOW SPEED OF THE SERIAL DATA TRANSFER. N THE SCREEN, THE DIRECTORY TAKES THE FORM OF A TEN-ENTRDORE FILES ARE ONLY APPROXIMATE (BLOCK COUNT TIMES 254), WHILE THE SIZES OF - FILES, TAKEN RIGHT FROM THE DIRECTORY ENTRIES, ARE EXACT. S MENTIONED EARLIER, THE PROGRAM WON'T WORK WITH RELATIVE FILES OR -TYPE USER FILES, OWEVER, THESE FA[ a {)_Lf dL H H@  gLf" g"T .d g g g gd .d gd .ddmPPQQmdQ g2." g%" .d d .d gHILcf P8dPQTO READ AND WRITE - DISKS, PROVIDING A QUICK AND EASY WAY TO TRANSFER FILES BETWEEN MACHINES. LTHOUGH PRIMARILY INTENDED FOR USE WITH 3 1/2-INCH, 720 - DISKS IN A 1581 DRIVE, THE PROGRAM ALSO WORKS WITH 5 1/4-INCH - DISKS IN A 1571 ND SCREEN PROMPTS MAKE THE -/-64 ONNECTION EASY TO USE. N THIS ARTICLE AND THE PROGRAM, THE TERMS "SOURCE" AND "TARGET" REFER TO DISKS BEING COPIED FROM AND TO, RESPECTIVELY. "-" MEANS ANY --TYPE DISK OPERATING SYSTEM, AND "OMMODOPROPER DEVICE NUMBER, INSERT THE SOURCE DISK INTO THE SOURCE DRIVE AND PRESS RETURN TO PROCEED. NY OTHER KEY WILL TAKE YOU BACK TO THE OPENING MENU, SHOULD YOU WANT TO CHANGE YOUR CHOICES. SSUMING THAT YOU PRESS RETURN, -/-64 WILL READ THE DY MENU. - SUBDIRECTORIES ARE IDENTIFIED BY UNDER THE FILE-SIZE FIELD, WHILE 1581 PARTITIONS ARE IDENTIFIED BY THE FILETYPE . T THE TOP OF THE DIRECTORY SCREEN, YOU'LL SEE THE DISK'S NAME AND (OMMODORE ) OR VOLUME LABEL (-ILES WILL STILL BE LISTED IN A OMMODORE DIRECTORY. O SELECT A FILE TO READ OR A SUBDIRECTORY TO VIEW, PRESS THE CORRESPONDING NUMBER AND THEN THE RETURN KEY. O SEE THE NEXT GROUP OF TEN ENTRIES, PRESS EITHER AND RETURN, OR JUST RETURN. HdQ dȝLL.d L8`i ` dL   Le d) ( .d .d̄ Le ޭdA[{ɀ)_ Le Ledd   d)d &    TARGET FILE. OR AN - FILE, IT MUST TAKE THE FORM ., WHERE THE MAIN NAME, CONTAINING UP TO EIGHT CHARACTERS, IS FOLLOWED BY A PERIOD AND THEN A 0--3-CHARACTER FILENAME EXTENSION OR TYPE. OMMODORE FILENAMES CAN HAVE UP TO 16 CHARACTERS. AUSE IT WILL ASSUME THAT YOU HAVEN'T REMOVED THE DISK CONTAINING THE FILE. FTER SELECTING THE FILE TO TRANSFER, YOU MUST SPECIFY EITHER INARY OR RANSLATION MODE. S MENTIONED, INARY CREATES A NEW FILE THAT'S IDENTICAL TO THE ORIGINAL. N RAK, WILL APPEAR IN THE ROOT DIRECTORY ONLY; SUBDIRECTORIES ARE NOT SUPPORTED IN FILE WRITES. HE PROGRAM RECOVERS UNUSED AND SCRATCHED DIRECTORY AND DATA SPACE ON - DISKS, BUT THE OMMODORE DOES THIS JOB AUTOMATICALLY WHEN WRITING TO SEQUENT F YOU WANT TO GO BACK TO THE PREVIOUS GROUP OF TEN, PRESS AND RETURN. O QUIT AND GO BACK TO THE OPENING MENU WITHOUT MAKING A CHOICE, PRESS AND RETURN. HE FILE YOU SELECT NEED NOT BE IN THE GROUP CURRENTLY ON THE SCREEN. OR EXAMPLE, IF TH IRECTORY MENU. F YOUR SOURCE AND TARGET DISKS WERE IN THE SAME DRIVE, YOU'LL BE PROMPTED TO REINSERT THE SOURCE DISK BEFORE THE DIRECTORY READ. -/-64 LETS YOU TRANSFER FILES FROM ANY - SUBDIRECTORY OR 1581 DIRECTORY PAR , READ THE FILE IN INARY MODE, THEN WRITE IT IN RANSLATION MODE. OR TO , READ THE FILE IN RANSLATION MODE, THEN WRITE IT IN INARY MODE. ED FOR OTHER PURPOSES. NE IS TRANSFERRING NORMAL OMMODORE , AND FILES BETW HEN WRITING TO A OMMODORE DISK, YOU MUST ALSO CHOOSE THE INARY OR RANSLATION TRANSFER MODE AND THE FILE TYPE -- , OR . OST TEXT-FILE TRANSFERS USE SEQUENTIAL FILES. OW INSERT THE TARGET DISK IN THE DRIVE AND PRESS RETURN TO WRIT NSLATION MODE, THE CONVERSION BETWEEN AND OCCURS WHILE THE FILE IS BEING READ INTO MEMORY. NCE THE FILE HAS BEEN READ INTO THE MEMORY BUFFER, IT'S TIME TO SPECIFY THE TARGET DISK CHARACTERISTICS. T THE PROMPT FOR FILETYIAL OR PROGRAM FILES. HILE -/-64 IS DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN - MACHINES AND THE -64, IT CAN BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES. NE IS TRANSFERRING NORMAL OMMODORE , AND FILES BETWE MENU IS SHOWING FILES 11--20, YOU CAN STILL CHOOSE NUMBER 6, AS LONG AS YOU REMEMBER THAT'S THE ONE SELECTED. NLY NUMBERS IN THE RANGE FROM 1 TO THE NUMBER OF FILES IN THE DIRECTORY ARE VALID. ON'T REMOVE THE SOURCE DISK FROM THE DRIVE UNTIL YOUTITION. HEN YOU SELECT AN - ENTRY MARKED OR A OMMODORE 1581 FILE FROM THE DIRECTORY MENU, THE NEW DIRECTORY IS READ AND DISPLAYED ON THE SCREEN. OU CAN GET BACK TO THE PREVIOUS DIRECTORY LEVEL IN - BY SELECTING THE FIRST ENTRY IN  HE PROGRAM IS QUITE SELF-EXPLANATORY, BUT THAT'S THE WAY THE STORY GOES: UST LOAD "MSDOSCOPY 1.42" AND RUN IT :) HE PROGRAM WILL CHECK FOR DISKS IN BOTH DRIVES (#8 AND #9). HILE IT IS IMPORTANT THAT A DISK IS PRESENT IN #8 (EE THE FILE TO IT. ITH AN - TARGET, BECAUSE A REAL - OPERATING SYSTEM IS NOT PRESENT, THE PROGRAM MUST PERFORM SEVERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS DURING THE WRITE OPERATION. HESE INCLUDE READING THE - DIRECTORY AND DECODING THE , WRITING PE, PRESS 1 FOR -, 2 FOR OMMODORE OR 3 TO RETURN TO THE DIRECTORY MENU. SSUMING YOU WANT TO PROCEED WITH THE TRANSFER, NEXT SELECT THE TARGET DRIVE. HIS CAN BE THE SAME AS THE SOURCE DRIVE OR DIFFERENT. OW ENTER A FILENAME FOR YOUREEN A 1581 AND A 1571, 1541, -64-COMPATIBLE HARD DRIVE OR EVEN AN -BUS TYPE DRIVE. N ADDITION TO DOING TRANSFERS, THE PROGRAM IS HANDY FOR CONVERTING TEXT FILES BETWEEN TRUE AND USING ANY OMMODORE-COMPATIBLE DRIVE. OR TO'RE PROMPTED TO INSERT ANOTHER DISK. THERWISE, YOUR FILE MAY BE COPIED INCORRECTLY OR FILES ON THE DISK YOU INSERT MAY GET DAMAGED. -/-64 WON'T PROMPT YOU TO INSERT A DISK BEFORE IT STARTS TO READ A FILE APPEARING ON THE ON-SCREEN DIRECTORY, BECTHE NEW DIRECTORY. HAT ENTRY SHOULD BE . ITH A 1581, YOU CAN'T GO BACK THROUGH A DIRECTORY CHAIN; YOU MUST RETURN TO THE ROOT DIRECTORY, THEN FOLLOW THE CHAIN FORWARD AGAIN. LL FILES THAT YOU WRITE, TO EITHER AN - OR OMMODORE DISLSE YOU WILL BE BOMBED WITH ERROR MESSAGES LIKE "ATAL RROR!" DUE TO MY -ERR- WEIRD ERROR HANDLING ROUTINE :) YOU CAN OMIT THE DISK IN THE 1581 (#9) WHICH WILL SPEED UP THE STARTUP DRAMATICALLY (ECHINFO: U0J COMMAND BEING SENT) H, BOTH DRIVES HAVE TO THE FILE, AND UPDATING THE DIRECTORY AND ON THE TARGET DISK. ITH A OMMODORE TARGET, ALL THIS IS DONE BY THE OMMODORE OPERATING SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY. FTER IT HAS WRITTEN THE FILE, THE PROGRAM REREADS THE SOURCE DIRECTORY AND REDISPLAYS THE D TO READ THE BUFFERS AND THE BURST COMMANDS U0J AND U0D TO INITIALIZE THE DISKS. T IS WRITTEN IN 6502 ASSEMBLY USING THE - 2.0 - IS A TRADEMARK OF MICROSOFT, A TRADEMARK OF COMMODORE ETC. HIS PROGRAM IS  SELECT (Y)ES THEN THE COPY PROCEDURE STARTS. OR EACH BYTE COPIED A DOT ('.') WILL BE PRINTED TO SHOW THE PROGRESS OF THE PROCEDURE. ELL, AFTER REACHING 1.42 THINK THAT EVERYBODY ELSE COULD ALSO MAKE USE OF THIS PROGRAM, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE ' 2089:"CMDBAMVIEWxtBйB LЩ g "h # Щ'х'i-(i. Рȱ4 Р"e!ȱ#e" Э!х"хL8РЙ{z{L{wX`e"e#e"#e Р BE TURNED ON AT THIS TIME ELSE: "ATAL RROR!" (S.A.) ERE YOU CAN SELECT THE FUNCTIONS BY PRESSING THE APPROPRIATE KEYS 1 - START COPYING (SEE BELOW) 3 - SEND - COMMANDS JUST ENTER ANY COMMAND LIKE S:JUNK OR R:FOO=BAR IN THE USLIVER . ARZECHA () RWHELMING GRATITUDE, HE/SHE MAY SEND SOME MONEY, A BOTTLE OF IRISH OR SCOTTISH MALT, A HARD DRIVE OR WHATEVER, GET MY ADRESS BY SENDING ME EMAIL. ;-) OUR DONATION WILL BE USED TO IMPROVE MY OWN INSPIRATION, CAN ASSURE! HIS PR ee#ede"db b 0qqqe 0L LafIfL0 BdIdeIeLLXoedanoieaaf348a21 z3b54c6o#o"i"5"5ie556d#d"n"5"5L edc4b3 a  , IT IS DISTRIBUTED FREELY AND SHALL NOT BE CHANGED. OWEVER, IF ANYBODY HAS AN INSPIRATION HOW TO IMPROVE THIS PROGRAM HE MAY CONTACT ME, AND HIS WISHES MAY COME TRUE :) R, STATED CLEARLY: OUR SUGGESTIONS ARE ALWAYS WELCOME. F THE CASE HAPPEN FIND THAT 32 LIMIT OF 64 ANNOYING AM TRYING TO DEVELOP THIS FURTHER, THE GREAT VISIONS OF MINE ARE OUTLINED IN THE -FILE. HE MANY SMALL FEATURES ARE NOT MENTIONED BECAUSE WANT TO ADD THEM BY DEMAND BECAUSE JUST DON'T KNOW WHERE TO CONTI Х"8"###"`88``漥"8"###ߥ"`32076CORMUS L LL   UAL SYNTAX 6 - QUIT PROGRAM - WHAT CAN SAY? :) 7 - SHOW - DIRECTORY (#8) YOU CAN HOLD AT ANY TIME BY PRESSING THE SPACE BAR, CONTINUE WITH ANY OTHER KEY THE / KEY IS ALSO POLLED, YOU CAN EXIT AT ANY TIME 8 - SHOW - DIRECTORY (#9jJfknIlkIm` 9P:Q L# LP9Q:L-.`_0/ȑ_e_7834hhHH;AB`NmeeldL meeeleddpLbcff p ۼLbcd0f LdElfd le334oȱojȱokpok4j3 ej34aaf jb%<de Lfi"af0,%<deLan0fEn0ajbkcld pme𺐰РijklnIlmImmllmm0m*jS, THAT SOMEONE FEELS OVERWHELMING GRATITUDE, HE/SHE MAY SEND SOME MONEY, A BOTTLE OF IRISH OR SCOTTISH MALT, A HARD DRIVE OR WHATEVER, GET MY ADRESS BY SENDING ME EMAIL. ;-) OUR DONATION WILL BE USED TO IMPROVE MY OWN INSPIRATION, CAN ASSURE! HIS PRNUE FIRST ;-) STARTED WRITING THIS IN SUMMER 1991, THE HISTORY IS RECORDED IN THE FILE . HE PROGRAM BUFFERS THE BOOTSECTOR, THE FIRST , ONE DIRECTORY SECTOR AND A WORKING SECTOR SEPARATELY. T USES JOBCODES COMBINED WITH - COMMANDS tb* 2V0rfI6$$$$$$$$$$zttAC`ڞmmںkk22\\\ =uuuvuuuuuuutuuw#*18?FMT[bipw~'d jS+{ $d -qbd ' eKd " #8ȥe#ed"d) NOT QUITE SO COMFORTABLE AS THE - PART, BUT...IT WORKS MATE ;) AFTER SELECTING COPYING FROM MAIN MENU THE PROGRAM WILL ASK FOR EVERY PROGRAM ON THE - DISK (EXCEPT DELETED) IF YOU WANT TO COPY THEM. NSWER WITH Y OR N. F YOUIlmImmldel llmmbcdejkF()()F(f)eemedeldcekcbejbm&l&k&jѥdIdeIeed`Jeemedeldcekcm&l&kީ L9:z{=>Lᧅ +Lw edLLedc4b3 ea34a edLbc#"eda4 3 eb34a L0\adK$p de9aɁ3/ic$bJdc(bJf( d(  kXikȊk ;rE_ȥF_ʆq _  i_Ȋ_ L"qr LLMȄ F  Z     L<^LY᥹ oLLo< {9 9:`F LLHhiEhiFh hhelEh0h8ܨhhhhJ  r &r$E0F$F0p &reqeXIereYJ$;PL)IeIdIcIf bIa pLeXIreYJ$;pȱIeId L0} BveqeXI$;pxdereYJe dcdbdaL$;_0ȱ_pL IJdeLpL p aIȥf %bIȥcIȥdIȥeI $h f IJ g л ]LqIIe  qIId de Ed0' i;L8 :9Lِيi;L; deDLa;;Ȇ<dLH 9e 9LF<e9H:iHHȱ9ȱ99:Lihɍ iLD$p deEaɁ?;ic0bJ(dc(bJf(d(e$f LeHdHcHbHaHfHHeHdHH;ɠHk-ȱ-dȱ-e Lȱ-< 8e-Id.iJeIcIbIaLɦ}9 ɤ9L:ȱ-aȱ-f bȱ-cȱ-dȱ-e pL9 9=:=8 Ii<0 dJeF<Ӑ ;L  C L edLH  9DȄ;L0 dߥe L87L L@,,%L9=:>L<' YLq). e$f  mQnlkPȹaLdLH a34821 z34bcebL ed  ;L H 0h0:)ed$0L-LLhac4b3 bLaa)ia34821 z34bcibL0 d2h   ƹ     Z LLL &348a21`L5%4&4&7.8.7`8<3<3>.#ձ%  0123456789ABCDEFƻP P! Dz@@`@ @!`@;LereYJaHc4b39:LC << <>' > 6<< ݘ0(ibJd bJfcdce` Mb8jfc ed+LHf0$p aɁ㪥bJfcc`ed`$p f0aɁbJed`aedc4b3 ea34bL 9 i( կL0fLd L0aɐ L'% ./h`H*h H )E,E h` T+ n% `./H8 ,-./h``./H,,- ./h`NTTRSLHBTMACTDCFHFHFԿHFHFHFտaRLRD FD HDCMD Xꑑ$ր ֖R$NO DRIVES ON LINE...>%a`aXCAN'T FIND DEVICE<< >$G-P3`HF32¿aDEVICE<< IS OCS (ART 2/2) ILE HIVE TILITY........... Y ITSELF JUST PRINTS A SUMMARY OF THE COMMAND SYNTAX FOR . REATE NEW RCHIVE............. ARC/C D:ARCFILE[.ARC] S:PATTERN S:PATTERN ..... ARC/C/S D:A << ݘ<>' > << <><@:<@ :ͱΰTϱ΍( !  ! Ц. ύ( !  ! Ц.  <<>3<3>< TORE ONLY) ARC/C SEQ B:*=S - ARCHIVES ALL SEQUENTIAL FILES ON DRIVE B TO SEQ.ARC ON THE DEFAULT DRIVE. ARC/C/GRALPH G:SECRET A:MSSG - ARCHIVES THE FILE MSSG ON DRIVE 8,0 TO AN ARCHIVE SECRET.ARC ON DRIVE 11,0. THE FILE IS ENCRYPTED  RC/X[/D] <[D:]ARCHFILE[.ARC]> [PATTERN1] [PATTERN2] ... ARC/X[/GZZZ] <[D:]ARCHFILE[.ARC]> [PATTERN1] [PATTERN2] ... HIS COMMAND IS USED TO EXTRACT FILES FROM AN ARCHIVE. F NO PATTERNS ARE SPECIFIED, THEN WILL EXTRACT ALL FILES FROM THE ARC E 'CHAPTER1' FROM THE ARCHIVE 'BOOK030386' ON DRIVE C: : ARC/X AND ARC/E ARE SYNONYMS ISPLAY RCHIVE ONTENTS....... ARC/L <[D:]ARCHNAME[.ARC]> HIS IS USED TO GET A LISTING OF THE FILES IN AN ARCHIVE. HE LISTING WIL A << <<:PARTITION TYPE<< >XNOT A NATIVE PARTITION...>.7.8OODVTYAHCCCLBALTSEXHSCNTTRSLHBTMACTDCRCFILE[.ARC] S:PATTERN S:PATTERN ..... ARC/C/GZZZ D:ARCFILE[.ARC] S:PATTERN S:PATTERN ..... REATES AN ARCHIVE ON DRIVE D: NAMED ARCFILE.ARC. S MANY AS EIGHT PATTERNS MAY BE GIVEN. /S AND /G ARE OPTIONAL. OME EXAMPLES ARE: ARC/C A:SQ B:SQ.* BR%< !я  `@:'TRACK # ( 1 -<<) LL2L1L1L1L1L1`  ` ` L$)%, T n ! !` T n ee/"/ /)`./H &$L1 (%:USQ.* - CREATES AN ARCHIVE NAMED SQ.ARC ON DRIVE A WHICH INCLUDES ALL FILES FROM DRIVE B WHOSE NAMES BEGIN WITH SQ. OR USQ. ARC/C/S A:TEST.ARC F:* - ARCHIVE ALL FILES FROM DRIVE 10,1 TO TEST.ARC ON DRIVE 8,0 AND SUPPRESS COMPRESSION. (SΈ Έ ΈR%y_R%yQR%y1R!Ĉ2wPS1Ύ % >"!<@:$>CMD DEVICE # <<흝< [[PATTERN1] [PATTERN2]...] HIS IS USED TO PRINT THE SPECIFIED FILES IN AN ARCHIVE TO THE SCREEN. OU CAN PAUSE THE PRINTING WITH THE KEY, AND ABORT WITH / ERIFY RCHIVE.......F DATA COMPRESSION TAKE ADVANTAGE OF REDUNDANCY OF ONE FORM OR ANOTHER. UN-LENGTH CODING IS ONE OF THE SIMPLEST, AND OFTEN THE MOST EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUES. RAPHICS FILES MAY OFTEN CONTAIN LONG SEQUENCES OF THE SAME BYTE. EROS FOR BLANK SPACE, ORPLE, SUPPOSE YOUR DATA FILE LOOKED SOMETHING LIKE THIS: ABRACADABRA HE CHARACTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION IS AS FOLLOWS: TOTAL BITS TOTAL BITS CHARACTER FREQUENCY HUFFMAN CODE UNSQUEEZED SQUEE 'USQ.ARC', AND SKIPS OVER ANY OTHER FILES. YSTEM EMORY AP.................. $033C-$03FF - CASSETTE BUFFER. USED BY $0801-$4000 - NOT USED $4000-$7FFF - WORKSPACE FOR AND COMMANDS O 12 08 03 00 .:0811 8F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AND SO ON.... HIS WOULD BE STORED ON DISK AS THE SEQUENCE: 06 08 01 00 00 01 8F 00 00 01 0C 08 02 00 00 01 8F 00 00 01 12 08 03 00 00 01 8F 00 00 07 ..... E WENT FROM 24 BYTES .......... ARC/V <[D:]ARCHNAME[.ARC]> [[PATTERN1] [PATTERN2]...] HIS IS USED TO VERIFY THE CONTENTS OF AN ARCHIVE. CALCULATES A TWO BYTE CHECKSUM FOR EACH FILE IN AN ARCHIVE. HEN YOU VERIFY AN ARCHIVE, CALCULATES A NEW CHECKSUM AND CO BYTE SEQUENCE AS 5 FF'S AND SO ON. HEN A CHARACTER IS NOT REPEATED, IT IS SIMPLY CODED DIRECTLY TO THE OUTPUT FILE. (THE $A0 AT $2018 ABOVE) ND SO THE ABOVE IS SQUEEZED FROM 32 BYTES DOWN TO 14. HERE IS ONE SLIGHT PROBLEM WITH THIS METHOD 255'S FOR FILLED IN SPACE. UN-LENGTH CODING RECODES THESE LONG SEQUENCES AS SHORTER CONTROL SEQUENCES. OR EXAMPLE, A GRAPHICAL IMAGE STORED IN MAY LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THE FOLLOWING IF VIEWED WITH THE MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR: .:2 ZED --------- --------- ------------ ---------- ---------- A 5 0 8 * 5 = 40 1 * 5 = 5 B 2 10 8 * 2 = 16 2 * 2 = 4 R 2 111 8 * 2 = 16 NLY. ALL OTHER COMMANDS LEAVE THIS AREA ALONE. $8000-$8FFF - USED IN 80 COLUMN VERSION. () $9000-$97FF - NOT USED $9800-$9FFF - 80 COLUMN SCREEN. NOT USED IN 40 COLUMN $A000-$BFFF - PROGRAM A TO 30! OT MUCH OF A SAVINGS. UFFMAN ODING................. UFFMAN CODING IS SOMEWHAT MORE COMPLEX. T TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE FACT THAT SOME CHARACTERS ARE USED MORE OFTEN THAN OTHERS IN MOST FILES. EXT FILES CONTAIN MANY SPACMPARES IT WITH THE CHECKSUM STORED WHEN THE FILE WAS ARCHIVED. F THEY DO NOT MATCH, AN ERROR MESSAGE IS DISPLAYED INDICATING THAT THE ARCHIVE MAY NOT UN-COMPRESS PROPERLY. OTE: IF YOU HAVE USED A PASSWORD WHEN CREATING THE ARCHIVE YOU NEED NOT SP. UPPOSE YOU ARE USING A ZERO- BYTE AS THE CONTROL CHARACTER. F A SEQUENCE OF ONLY ONE ZERO IS ENCOUNTERD, YOU CANNOT CODE IT TO THE OUTPUT FILE SINCE IT WILL BE INTERPRETED AS A CONTROL CHARACTER. OU MUST SEND A THREE BYTE CONTROL SEQUENCE TO C000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .:2008 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF 00 .:2010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .:2018 A0 0B FF FF FF FF FF FF AND SO ON.... HIS COULD BE STORED ON DISK AS THE SEQUENCE: 00 00 0A 00 FF 05 00 00 09 A0 0B 00 FF 06  3 * 2 = 6 C 1 1100 8 * 1 = 8 4 * 1 = 4 D 1 1101 8 * 1 = 8 4 * 1 = 4 ALL OTHERS 0 ---------- ---------- TOTALS: 88 REA $C000-$CFFF - PROGRAM AREA. (SYS 12*4096 TO ENABLE AFTER A KILL) $D000-$FFFF - NOT PRESENTLY USED BY OF HEORY.................... UN-ENGTH NCODING............ LL METHODS OES, AND VOWELS ARE MUCH MORE ABUNDANT THAN CONSONANTS. HE UFFMAN ALGORITHM CONVERTS FIXED LENGTH CODES (8 BIT CHARACTERS) INTO CODES WHOSE LENGTH IN BITS IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THEIR PROBABILITY OF OCCURANCE IN THE DATA FILE. OR EXAMECIFY IT SINCE THE ENCRYPTED BYTES ARE USED IN CALCULATING THE CHECKSUM. XAMPLE: ARC/V B:USQ.ARC - VERIFIES USQ.ARC ON UNIT 8,1 ARC/V B:USQ USQ.LB - VERIFIES ONLY THE FILE 'USQ.LB' IN THE ARCHIVE ODE THE SINGLE ZERO. ATTEMPTS TO CIRCUMVENT THIS PROBLEM BY CHOOSING THE BYTE THAT OCCURS LEAST OFTEN IN THE FILE AS THE CONTROL CHARACTER. N EXAMPLE OF THIS WOULD BE AS FOLLOWS: .:0801 06 08 01 00 8F 00 0C 08 .:0809 02 00 8F 00 HE FIRST ZERO IS A CONTROL CHARACTER. HEN THE UNSQUEEZE ROUTINE ENCOUNTERS A ZERO IT GETS THE NEXT TWO CHARACTERS AND INTERPRETS THEM AS A CHARACTER IDENTIFIER AND A COUNT. HUS THE FIRST 3 BYTE SEQUENCE IS INTERPRETED AS 10 ZEROS, THE NEXT 3 23 E COULD REPRESENT THIS INFORMATION AS A BINARY TREE: C / . HE RESULT IS OFTEN A FILE THAT IS SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTER THAN THE ORIGINAL. HEN ALL BYTES OCCUR WITH ABOUT THE SAME FREQUENCY, AS IN FILES, THEN ALL THE CODES ARE ABOUT THE SAME LENGTH AND NOT MUCH IS GAINED. N FACT, SINCE THE ON IS A BAR GRAPH REPRESENTING THE LENGTHS OF THE UFFMAN CODES GENERATED BY THE SQUEEZE ALGORITHM. HUFFMAN CODE CAN BE ANYWHERE FROM 0 TO 24 BITS IN LENGTH. ACH BIT IN THE UFFMAN CODE IS REPRESENTED BY TWO PIXELS ON THE GRAPHICS SCREEN. O RUN  RE VERSIONS OF . E HOPE YOU ENJOY USING , AND LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING YOUR COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS. HRIS MEETS MPERE ETAL 80 ALE OAD NIT 4 RAMPTON, NTARIO  UPPLIED. NCRYPTED FILES WILL VERIFY OK, AND WILL DE-ARCHIVE WITHOUT PROBLEM IF NO PASSWORD IS SUPPLIED. HEY WILL HOWEVER, STILL BE ENCRYPTED AFTER DE- ARCHIVING WITHOUT A PASSWORD. 3) - RIVES G AND H ARE NOW USED. (UNIT 11 DRIVE THE COMMAND LINE. 20 MAY 86 - CHRIS SMEETS HANGES IN VERSION 1.34 1) - DDED THE /Q SWITCH TO GET. 2) - LLOWED FOR SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF FILES FROM AN ARCHIVE. 3) - DDED THE 'ANALYZE' EXTERNAL FUNCTION. 4) - IXED A BUG I A B /---- D / / / ROOT --- --- --- R O GET THE UFFMAN CODE WE CODE A 0 BIT EACH TIME WE TRAVERSE A BRANCH TO THE LEFT, AND A 1 BIT EACH TIME WE TRAVERSE THE TREE TO DE-CODING INFORMATION MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE OUTPUT FILE, THE RESULT CAN OFTEN BE LONGER, PARTICULARLY ON SHORT FILES. "ANALYZE" EXTERNAL UNCTION.... OR THOSE OF YOU THAT ARE INTERESTED IN STATISTICS, WE HAVE INCLUDED A SMALTHE UTILITY YOU MUST HAVE IN MEMORY AND TYPE: A:ANALYZE [D:]FILENAME HE PROGRAM WILL THEN READ THROUGH 'D:FILENAME' AND DISPLAY A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR THE FILE. ERSIONS................... E WILL MAKE EVERY EF ANADA, 6-31 HANGES IN VERSION 1.30 1) - HERE WAS A BUG IN VERSION 1.00 WHICH OCASIONALLY MADE A FILE ONE BLOCK LONGER THAN IT SHOULD BE. HIS ONLY OCCURED WHEN THE SQUEEZED FILE WAS AN EXACT MULTIPLE OF 2032 BITS. HIS BS 0 AND 1) 4) - UN-LENGTH COMPRESSION HAS BEEN ADDED, AND SHOWS UP AS 'PACKED' FILES ON AN ARCHIVE DIRECTORY. 06 APR 86 - CHRIS SMEETS HANGES IN VERSION 1.31 1) - DDED THE RENAME ( REN ) COMMAND. 2) - RIVES G AND H WEREN //ABC. 'S NUMBERED 1.31 OR LESS ONLY RECOGNIZED THE FIRST CHARACTER OF THE PASSWORD. HIS HAS BEEN CORRECTED. 5) - PEAKING OF BUGS.... WILL OCCASIONALLY REPORT A CHECKSUM ERROR WHEN UN-ARCHING OR VERIFYING A 'PACKED' F THE RIGHT. HUS THE CODES ARE GENERATED AS IN THE TABLE ABOVE. HE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURING CHARACTERS ARE KEPT CLOSEST TO THE ROOT AND THUS HAVE SHORTER CODES. HOSE WITH LOWER FREQUENCIES OF OCCURANCE ARE KEPT FURTHER AWAY AND GET LONGER CODESL UTILITY PROGRAM WITH THAT ANALYZES THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE BYTES IN A FILE AND GRAPHICALLY DISPLAYS THE RESULTS. N THE TOP PORTION OF THE SCREEN YOU WILL SEE THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE BYTES IN THE FILE. N THE BOTTOM PORTIFORT TO KEEP FILES UPWARD COMPATIBLE. HUS, AN ARCHIVE CREATED WITH VERSION 1.00 CAN BE DE-ARCHIVED BY ANY VERSION OF NUMBERED 1.00 OR HIGHER. HE REVERSE, HOWEVER, WILL NOT BE POSSIBLE SINCE NEW PACKING METHODS WILL BE INTRODUCED IN FUTUUG HAS BEEN CORRECTED. 2) - HE /G OPTION HAS BEEN ADDED TO ALLOW FILES TO BE ENCRYPTED. OU SUPPLY A PASSWORD OF UP TO 9 CHARACTERS, AND THIS PASSWORD IS USED TO ENCRYPT THE FILE. HEN DE-ARCHIVING THE FILE, THE CORRECT PASSWORD MUST BE S ADDED IN VERSION 1.30, BUT DID NOT WORK PROPERLY. HIS HAS BEEN CORRECTED. 3) - '/W' SWITCH HAS BEEN ADDED TO THE COMMAND TO ALLOW A MORE COMPACT DIRECTORY DISPLAY. LSO MORE THAN ONE DIRECTORY PATTERN MAY NOW BE SPECIFIED ONILE. HIS IS DUE TO AN ERROR IN THE CHECKSUM CALCULATION AND DOES NOT REFLECT A PROBLEM WITH THE FILE. OU CAN VERIFY THIS FOR YOURSELF BY RENAMING THE PROBLEM FILE AND RE-ARCHIVING IT. F THE NAME IS SHORTER OR LONGER, THE ARCHIVE NO'2089:"CORMFIND V3.11xtBйB LЩ g "h # Щ'х'i-(i. Рȱ4 Р"e!ȱ#e" Э!х"хL8РЙ{z{L{wX`e"e#e"#e Рee#ede"db b 0qqqe 0L LafIfL0 BdIdeIeLLXoedanoieaaf348a21 z3b54c6o#o"i"5"5ie556d#d"n"5"5L edc4b3 a jJfknIlkIm` 9P:Q L# LP9Q:L-.`_0/ȑ_e_7834hhHH;AB`NmeeldL meeeleddpLbcff p ۼLbcd0f LdElfd l D$p deEaɁ?;ic0bJ(dc(bJf(d(e$f LeHdHcHbHaHfHHeHdHH;ɠHk-ȱ-dȱ-e Lȱ-< 8e-Id.iJeIcIbIaLɦ}9 ɤ9L:ȱ-aȱ-f bȱ-cȱ-dȱ-e pL9 LONGER ENDS ON A DISK BLOCK BOUNDARY AND THE CHECKSUM IS OK! NFORTUNATELY WE'VE BEEN HAVING SOME TROUBLE LOCATING THIS BUG SO IT'S STILL THERE IN VERSION 1.34. 15 JUNE 86 - CHRIS SMEETS -- r &r$E0F$F0p &reqeXIereYJ$;PL)IeIdIcIf bIa pLeXIreYJ$;pȱIeId L0} BveqeXI$;pxdereYJe dcdbdaL$;_0ȱ_pL IJdeLpL p aIȥf %bIȥcIȥdIȥeI Х"8"###"`88``漥"8"###ߥ"`6"- 2076CORMFIND L LL    e334oȱojȱokpok4j3 ej34aaf jb%<de Lfi"af0,%<deLan0fEn0ajbkcld pme𺐰РijklnIlmImmllmm0m*jIlmImmldel llmmbcdejkF()()F(f)eemedeldcekcbejbm&l&k&jѥdIdeIeed`Jeemedeldcekcm&l&kީ L9:z{=>Lᧅ +Lw edLLedc4b3 ea34a edLbc#"eda4 3 eb34a L0\adK$p de9aɁ3/ic$bJdc(bJf( d( 0(ibJd bJfcdce` Mb8jfc ed+LHf0$p aɁ㪥bJfcc`ed`$p f0aɁbJed`aedc4b3 ea34bL 9 i( կL0fLd L0aɐ   ƹ     Z LLL &348a21`L593#5#5ڪP P!78)l@ ʨ@ ˨@ ި@̨@  ++++++++++$h f IJ g л ]LqIIe  qIId de Ed0' i;L8 :9Lِيi;L; deDLa;;Ȇ<dLH 9e 9LF<e9H:iHHȱ9ȱ99:Lihɍ iL 9=:=8 Ii<0 dJeF<Ӑ ;L  C L edLH  9DȄ;L0 dߥe L87L L@,,%L9=:>L<' YLq). e$f  mQnlkPȹaLdLH a34821 z34bcebL ed  ;L H 0h0:)ed$0L-LLhac4b3 bLaa)ia34821 z34bcibL0 d2h   ı#31 - 254-aG-P33`H'FH'FH'Fa1 %1ST ARTITION:<%<띝<,L%,PN$,E$:%1Ņ ;<<<<>"C>ND ARTITION:<-<띝<,L%,MP$,E$:-1Ą ;<<<<>"ΠC>?ŅR2\DZȰ// *=B)&sHEL )ENDR2\)STOPR2\)RESETR.)SIZER.)STARTR)RESTARTR)DIR't$Ϡ)HELP /I+$Ϡ)+$Ϡ)/+$Ϡ)?+$Ϡ)4$=PR'Ǡ)4/)6)ÃR&)6=R&)6*)4))SIZER.΃)6*α&7 ,,,,,,,,,,;; CMAX PARTITION #<99ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ991234567890#$%&()0+-\ _=^99,.:;'!?/<>[]=@"3399*:UNKNOWND hIhJhIh:h9L; deLaL; de Laȱ9Lȱ9e-dȱ9e.eȱ9e-lȱ9e.me9j:ikjdƠ9e-G9e.H9iH:iHGL:G9GIȱGJȱIHJHIHL+ȱ9 ȱ9Eȱ9F1_/i2`0i!9e/k9e0lk "C L9:LCſaR$Q F #k00065<띝!C>(AaR!;<DRIVE TYPE UNKNOWN >!;kXikȊk ;rE_ȥF_ʆq _  i_Ȋ_ L"qr LLMȄ F  Z     L<^LY᥹ oLLo< {9 9:`F LLHhiEhiFh hhelEh0h8ܨhhhhJ  ULeLPS?RINTER OR CREEN:<,L%,SS$,YN$:ݠ)Pݴ`чB CaR'a)`:a$$ << DRIVE TYPE HAS NO PARTITIONS >>>$ϿHU1WWQX DRIVE ERRORAXYTPPROPSSSBMRREEEEEDPPFRRMMMMYCMDB. THE ONLY LIMITATION>$ IS THAT ONLY THE LAST WILDCARD> MAY SPECIFY FILETYPE.>- Ԓ =>+ J*,P* ALL FILES STARTING WITH J & P<, J*,P*=S SEQ FILES STARTING WITH J & P< << PRESS ARTITION:<6<띝<,L%,PL$,E$:61֖֖000656000657ND ARTITION:<7<띝<,L%,PH$,E$:71ՕՕ000657$ϲ1 8ILE ENGTH :<8<ꝝ<,L%,FL$,E$:81ܜܜ????????????????4)ÜEARCH  TAKE LONGER (S MUCH AS 16 TIMES)>$ SO WHENEVER POSSIBLE, USE THE '*'>>' << PRESS AND HOLD SPACE TO PAUSE>>>ѧ.< .@.<R+- Ԓ =>" *IFFY FILES ENDING IN IFFY>& JIFF*  <<,<1<,<<,<>a`a `(w;BM-R<3<CH!F!4 1541D!7 1571DBM-R<3<CH!F!8BM-R<3<3<CH@FHAFHBFH!FH!FH"F!"!!FD  1581D@ABCMD wȱvåۅ܅mvÅmwÅ LZ¥LZrsiߥiL L¥L­tut8LZ­suÐL­rtÐL HȱH߈ߠhhrsítutísuÐ DSZ ` #8ݥ H `݅ߥޅ߈iߥiL1L@` ٥ GۥH GݥH`<`<`݅ߥޅmrÅߥmsÅ`݅ޅmtÅmuÅ`ߍvÈߍwå ANY KEY >>>L F3<% IND V3.11 BY CORMUS>2O1.2. ߇ё !ґ  ё !ґ ߟ !џ Ғ1278?PATH$ ARRAY SHRUNK TO<? FREE SPACE=<000000V$>GARBAGE TRING:<)<,4<,L%,SS$,R$:)* E&>+Œ ALLOWS MATCHES OF FILES WHOSE NAME>% IS KNOWN TO BE A CERTAIN LENGTH.>>,Ԓ ONCE THE INITIAL PARTITION SCAN IS<( DONE, YOU MAY SELECT ANY SUBSET OF<( PARTITIONS. FILES STARTING WITH JIFF>, JIFFY FILES INCLUDING JIFFY (SLOW)>, J?F=P ALL PRG FILES WITH J?F (SLOW)>2FILE TYPES КRG ӚEQ ՚SR ҚEL ÚBM SUšDIR>) $=P:G* PARTITIONS STARTING WITH G> $=P:*=N NATV PARTITIONS>1@AB !D!RL!RD!FD!HD20' HIS VERSION OF FILESEARCH >$ SUPPORTS ALL DEVICE TYPES AND>$ SHOULD WORK ON FUTURE DRIVES.>$ (1581 SUPPORT IS STILL LIMITED TO>$ ROOT DIRECTORIES). LL­rtÐLL­}uÐLCí|tÐLCz{îzí|Ýí}Ýz{tÝíuÝírÍ|ísÍ}yÐLZL|xÐ{z`Li껻ۅ܅mvÅmwÅ`vÈwåۅ܅mvÅmwÅ`éٝåڝézé{îzýÍxýÍyíz{zîzýÍ|ýÍ}íz{zí|Írí}ÍsíxÍtíyÍu|mxÍ~í}myÍnn~å݅ޅm~ÅmÅDELAYS -<< ѧODTDVTYSLMPPNSPCTCPELDCBKUSBIIJKXYFD̀PHPLENETESXXMXFLODPOAR HE INITIAL CHOICES <& SERVE AS THE UPPER/LOWER LIMITS.>>&: JEFFREY L. JONES OF LOADSTAR>( POINTS OUT THAT MOST MANUALS DON'T<' MENTION THAT YOU CAN HAVE UP TO 5>$ DIFFERENT WILDCARDS, SEPARATED>% BY COMMASPART TYPES ΚATV 1541 1571 1581 1581-Ú> КBUF ƚORN>& / OVERRIDE TO MATCH STRING>" THAT IS ALSO A COMMAND> >,Ӓ DIR END SIZE RESET START HELP ?<+4<,4<R'0006561ST L THE USUAL>$ PATTERN MATCH SYMBOLS MAY BE USED>$ AS WELL AS FILE OR PARTITION TYPE>$ FILTERS. ENGTH OF FILENAMES CAN>$ ALSO BE MATCHED. ATTERNS CAN BE>$ USED WHEN VIEWING PARTITIONS.>' E AWARE THAT PARTIAL SEARCHES DO>$ LJ ` G "C`  "  ꥐ Я ЩL j /0F Nɀ '2089:" xtBйB LЩ g "h # Щ'х'i-(i. 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TOGGLES VIEW MODE>)*  RRECTING BLOCKSIZE TO< <ꚑ>#瓱??%BLOCKSIZE CHECKED AND VERIFIED...>ꑑ>ӑ R%)ڐϱύ   R&] READING :< < >BCЏ 3C&HFHFHF&HFHFHFHF  HFHFHFHFHFHFH 0ꟑ<<> LAST PART (<<-<<) ݀ހ Ac:!AN'T FIND DRIVE<<>)a,S,W`( ((a`a'AN'T FIND PRINTER<<>߹)a`(> ȉ Ɉω)ڐ)  A<뙝 *^X1֖XXSORTING BY << < ύ <R+R,>ύ)ڐR,&& & R+取'&&'&*<?ύ)ڐR,&& & R,1'&CK SIZE -< < $ UTPUT ARTITION NFO ORTED ON <<><,<<> - RINTER<<- 132 - RINTER<<- 80 - ISK ILE' PARTITION RANGE FOR READ>&* RESTRICTS OUTPUT RANGE>" BASED ON SORT-COUNT>' HIS PROGRAM STILL DOESN'T SORT AS>" FAST AS WOULD LIKE IT TO.>)۶,-߰*'FHF3232  a)ڐ ͱϱ BCЋ3Cϵֵ׍$:`HUWWQΘ00HFHFHFHFHF&ٱҳ&噧 ٠HF32̲&̿&αHFΠ>ҵ>>   !R)a DDDDDDD-DD)d/W R)    !R))X)ڐaDa%  PRESS ANY KEY  _ ABORTS <L>ЎF_ !.  !!!R*(O DRIVES ON LINE...>O&'&*<?ύ)ڐR,&& & R,}'&&'&*<??ABORTING SORT SPOILSPORT...<ϧ ֖&(AB:B-GR/ -P-Y-d-o-|B  - ONFIGURE - CREENA6 - ART > - ESTART> - ELP> * - UTPUT RANGE <<-<< (OF<<)<> - UIT><<3<& ARTITION IEW 4 BY CORMUS>-  ڵЀʀ-LN!,PPS,M'F%D#T-HϸJϷ%Jϳ#JϵJϸJJϠ,'JK&&&K&6%ҲϠ-T{hz`A$= 3472......................  ................   ) ܍ ܍ ܍  ܍ ݩ܍ `溦! c󩏠 7 v  L` o Lp c cle because of very similar features or some in which Commodore did not support or were too embarrassed about, like the C128-40, or the C-16. (in May, 1990, CBM unveiled their latest computer, the Amiga 3000) KK J/!B~.EB.K R7@EB~KBa`0:USER.PART.INFO,P,R`HS00/?&CONFIG FILE NOT FOUND. DEFAULTS SET>73?LOADING DEFAULT FILE....>HFHF&尠,B0&CONFIG FILE FORMAT ERROR.... ABORTED> ȩGȩGh{hz` G 7 v  `  ` Y)ܭ) ) ܍ ܍ ܍  ܍ ݩ܍ `溦! c󩏠 7 v  L` o Lp c d with a 256K RAM 16 bit multitasking operating environment. In Feb. 1987, the AmIga 500 and the AMiga 2000 were released. The power and abilities these machines had would surprise you. They were an excellent math machine, educational, business oriphic unit. We can make PET/CBM play music and even talk, even when these machines never had any sound ability built into them. The B-128/256 was the only one that has & SID Chip built in. Many models were not mentioned in this artiKK aaO&&&&,B&&aaҧ,B.&,&&,B&.ODVRAPTTTBMMAP0P1LFSPACTAJABDIXBCBCSNI ` o ` o ` `BR-TAR-TT$=THESE SPACES RSVD FOR RTCNO RTC UNITS FOUND ONLINE(N)  `.  ʬdˆ 0dˆ`zH{H΅z{  ݽ az…{ GȩdGȩ‘Gh ented, and graphic unit. 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